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Ocean engineering is generally considered to be concerned with
studies on the effects of the ocean on the land and with the
design, construction and operation of vehicles, structures and
systems for use in the ocean or marine environment. The practice of
engineering differs from that of science in both motivations and
objectives. Science seeks understanding of the principles of nature
in terms of generalizations expressed as laws and classifications.
Engineering seeks the application of knowledge of the physical and
natural world to produce a benefit expressed as a device, system,
material, and/or process. From the standpoint of the financial
sponsors of an engineering project, the ideal approach is one of
minimal risk in which only proven knowledge, materials and
procedures are employed. There is frequent departure from this
ideal in anticipation of the increased benefit expected from a
large increase in performance of a structure or device. The process
of acquiring this new capability is engineering research.
Historically, ocean engineering developed with the application of
engineering principles and processes to the design of ships and,
later, to the machinery that propels them. In most societies, naval
architecture and marine engineering are recognised as the origin of
ocean engineering. In fact, the design of a ship constitutes the
original systems engineering programme involving
hydrodynamics/fluid flow, structural design, machinery design,
electrical engineering and so on as well as requiring knowledge of
the ocean environment (waves, corrosion, etc.).
Today western nations consume annually only a small percentage of
their resources from the sea, despite the proclamation of Exclusive
Economic Zones (EEZ) by many. In contrast, most Pacific Basin
Countries obtain more than a quarter of their annual needs from the
ocean. Determination of greater rewards from the development of
marine resources is markedly inhibited by the limited technical
abilities available to locate and assess them. Knowledge of
Exclusive Economic Zone resources is schematic and generalised, and
a detailed understanding of the geology and processes relating to
the economic use of the seafloor is both fragmentary and very
basic. Technology for mapping the mineral resources of continental
shelves and ocean areas, except in active offshore hydrocarbon
provinces, has been largely developed in pursuit of scientific
objectives and competence to rapidly appraise economic potential is
limited. Similarly, the capability to characterise and evaluate the
other resources of the seas is rudimentary. The development of
ocean resources will become increasingly urgent as the growth of
the world population and the depletion of land reserves combine to
enhance demand. Also, increasing environmental constraints will
limit the availability of traditional land-based resources;
nevertheless, new offshore development must proceed in a manner
whereby the marine environment is not plundered but protected and
conserved. The challenge to develop ocean resources with
responsible environmental stewardship will require greater
leadership than the development of the technologies of
exploitation.
Shallow Gas determination, prior to drilling, is carried out using
'Engineering Seismic' survey methods. Seismic acquisition data
quality is fundamental in achieving this objective as both the data
processing methods and interpretation accuracy are subject to the
quality of the data obtained. The recent application of workstation
based data analysis and interpretation has clearly demonstrated the
importance of acquisition data quality on the ability to determine
the risks of gas with a high level of confidence. The following
pages summarise the 5 primary issues that influence acquisition
data QC, suggests future trends and considers their potential
impact. The primary issues covered in this paper are: A. Seismic B.
Positioning C. QC Data Analysis D. Communications E. Personnel 90
SAFETY IN OFFSHORE DRll.LING FIELD QC ......................
PRIMARY COMPONENTS COMMERCIAL TECHNICAL 1 OPERATIONAL FIGURE 1
HYDROSEARCH The often complex influences of Technical, Commercial
and Operational constraints on the acquisition of high quality data
require careful management by the QC supervisor in order to achieve
a successful seismic survey data set. The following pages only
consider the Technical aspects of QC and assume that no Commercial
or Operational restrictions are imposed in the achievement of
optimum data quality. It is noted however, that such restrictions
are frequently responsible for significant compromise in data
coverage and quality during routine rig site surveys.
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Offshore Site Investigation and Foundation Behaviour - Papers presented at a conference organized by the Society for Underwater Technology and held in London, UK, September 22-24, 1992 (Hardcover, 1993 ed.)
D.A. Ardus, D. Clare, A Hill, R. Hobbs, R J Jardine, …
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R6,109
Discovery Miles 61 090
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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Two main areas of offshore activity are addressed in this book:
Site investigation on assessment; and Applications and foundation
engineering. The 37 contributions from a wide ranging group of
international experts, are resulting from the Offshore Site
Investigation and Foundation Behaviour Conference, London, U.K.,
September 1992. Adequate determination of site conditions can only
be achieved by the integrated approach of using geological,
geophysical and geotechnical data. Developments in data acquisition
techniques are illustrated through case histories in the section on
Geotechnical Sampling and Testing. In the section on Advanced
Interpretation Techniques and Integrated Interpretations the state
of the art of these topics is also illustrated by case histories. A
review of foundation behaviour is presented in the section on
Gravity Foundations, Foundation Performance Monitoring, Piling
Research and Design Criteria. These topics are illustrated in the
light of field experience and recent research, in particular that
involving full-scale tests and monitoring. This book provides many
illustrative figures and much pertinent information to exploration
and marine geophysicists, petroleum and offshore engineers and for
researchers working these fields.
Ocean engineering is generally considered to be concerned with
studies on the effects of the ocean on the land and with the
design, construction and operation of vehicles, structures and
systems for use in the ocean or marine environment. The practice of
engineering differs from that of science in both motivations and
objectives. Science seeks understanding of the principles of nature
in terms of generalizations expressed as laws and classifications.
Engineering seeks the application of knowledge of the physical and
natural world to produce a benefit expressed as a device, system,
material, and/or process. From the standpoint of the financial
sponsors of an engineering project, the ideal approach is one of
minimal risk in which only proven knowledge, materials and
procedures are employed. There is frequent departure from this
ideal in anticipation of the increased benefit expected from a
large increase in performance of a structure or device. The process
of acquiring this new capability is engineering research.
Historically, ocean engineering developed with the application of
engineering principles and processes to the design of ships and,
later, to the machinery that propels them. In most societies, naval
architecture and marine engineering are recognised as the origin of
ocean engineering. In fact, the design of a ship constitutes the
original systems engineering programme involving
hydrodynamics/fluid flow, structural design, machinery design,
electrical engineering and so on as well as requiring knowledge of
the ocean environment (waves, corrosion, etc.).
Today western nations consume annually only a small percentage of
their resources from the sea, despite the proclamation of Exclusive
Economic Zones (EEZ) by many. In contrast, most Pacific Basin
Countries obtain more than a quarter of their annual needs from the
ocean. Determination of greater rewards from the development of
marine resources is markedly inhibited by the limited technical
abilities available to locate and assess them. Knowledge of
Exclusive Economic Zone resources is schematic and generalised, and
a detailed understanding of the geology and processes relating to
the economic use of the seafloor is both fragmentary and very
basic. Technology for mapping the mineral resources of continental
shelves and ocean areas, except in active offshore hydrocarbon
provinces, has been largely developed in pursuit of scientific
objectives and competence to rapidly appraise economic potential is
limited. Similarly, the capability to characterise and evaluate the
other resources of the seas is rudimentary. The development of
ocean resources will become increasingly urgent as the growth of
the world population and the depletion of land reserves combine to
enhance demand. Also, increasing environmental constraints will
limit the availability of traditional land-based resources;
nevertheless, new offshore development must proceed in a manner
whereby the marine environment is not plundered but protected and
conserved. The challenge to develop ocean resources with
responsible environmental stewardship will require greater
leadership than the development of the technologies of
exploitation.
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