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This book reflects the research output of the Committee on the
International Protection of Consumers of the International Law
Association (ILA). The Committee was created in 2008, with a
mandate to study the role of public and private law to protect
consumers, review UN Guidelines, and to model laws, international
treaties and national legislations concerning protection and
consumer redress. It has been accepted to act as an observer not
only when the UNCTAD was updating its guidelines, but also at the
Hague Conference on Private International Law. The book includes
the contributions of various Committee members in the past few
years and is a result of the cooperation between the Committee
members and experts from Australia, Brazil, Canada and China. It is
divided into three parts: the first part addresses trends and
challenges in international protection of consumers, while the
second part focuses on financial crises and consumer protection and
the third part examines national and regional consumer law issues.
Presenting a wealth of highly original and innovative analyses and
case studies, this book examines the strategic ties between various
emerging economies, their different approaches to finding mutual
trade solutions, and new trends in the use of contingent
protection. The research methodology can also be applied to the
study of specific Latin American countries or other developed or
developing states in comparison to China. The book presents new
theories and offers a valuable template for further studies in this
area. Further, the application of the New Haven approach can
further develop the studies' potential to offer guidance in a
broader context.
Presenting a wealth of highly original and innovative analyses and
case studies, this book examines the strategic ties between various
emerging economies, their different approaches to finding mutual
trade solutions, and new trends in the use of contingent
protection. The research methodology can also be applied to the
study of specific Latin American countries or other developed or
developing states in comparison to China. The book presents new
theories and offers a valuable template for further studies in this
area. Further, the application of the New Haven approach can
further develop the studies' potential to offer guidance in a
broader context.
This book provides an essential overview of trade between Brazil
and China, analyzes the regulatory framework for Brazil's foodstuff
exportation and China's foodstuff importation, and identifies the
main products, market shares, barriers to market access, and
e-commerce strategies. The book also addresses the importance of
consumer health and the latest developments regarding the United
Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection. Lastly, based on the
statistics for Brazil's food exports to Mainland China, Hong Kong
and Macau as separate customs areas, the book explores the role of
Macau and calls for intensifying its links with Portuguese-speaking
countries, including Brazil.
"Micromagnetics and Recording Materials" is a book trying to
give a systematic theory of computational applied magnetism, based
on Maxwell equations of fields and Landau-Lifshitz equations of
magnetic moments. The focused magnetic materials are magnetic
recording materials utilized in computer hard disk drives.
Traditionally, Micromagnetics includes the areas of magnetization
curve theory," domain theory" and read and write process analyses
in recording systems . As Springer Briefs, this book includes the
first two areas of micromagnetics. M-H loops of hard magnetic thin
film media, soft magnetic layers and Tunneling MagnetoResistive
spin valves are solved based on the microstructures of thin films.
Static domain structures and dynamic switching processes are
analyzed in the arbitrary-shaped magnetic devices such as write
head pole tips and magnetic force microscope tips. The book is
intended for researchers who are interested in applied magnetism
and magnetic recording in all disciples of physical science.
Prof. Dan Weiworks at Tsinghua University, China."
Microgrid Protection and Control is the result of numerous research
works and publications by R&D engineers and scientists of the
Microgrid and Energy Internet Research Centre. Through the authors
long-routed experience in the microgrid and energy internet
industry, this book looks at the sophisticated protection and
control issues connected to the special nature of microgrid. The
book explains the different ways of classifying types of microgrids
and common misconceptions, looking at industrial and research
trends along with the different technical issues and challenges
faced with deploying microgrid in various settings. Forecasting
short-term demand and renewable generation for optimal operation is
covered with techniques for accurate enhancement supported with
practical application examples. With chapters on dynamic, transient
and tertiary control and experimental and simulation tests this
reference is useful for all those working in the research,
engineering and application of microgrids and power distribution
systems.
This book covers technologies that pose new challenges for consumer
policy, creative developments that can help protect consumers'
economic interests, innovative approaches to addressing perennial
consumer concerns, and the challenges entailed by emerging ways of
creating and delivering consumer products and services. In
addition, it reflects on past successes and failures of consumer
law and policy, explores opportunities for moving consumer law in a
different direction, and discusses potential threats to consumer
welfare, especially in connection with the changing political
landscape in many parts of the world. Several chapters examine
consumer law in individual countries, while others have an
international focus.
This book on Company Law in Brazil highlights the innovative
options that the Brazilian legislature has developed in the
modernization of the legal framework that governs the business
activities at the same time that it broadens horizons on the
perception and knowledge of the business legal regime in Brazil. It
is of great importance for academics who will have the opportunity
to study and teach modern Brazilian Company Law and discuss the
main Brazilian theories and legal options on Company Law. It is
intended to serve as a reliable source for scholars who are
interested in Brazilian Company Law and general Company Law as it
can be used for comparative legal studies. For business operators
the book provides reliable information on how business operations
can be conducted under the Brazilian legal system. The book offers
a comprehensive approach of the Brazilian Company Law, ranging from
the process of construction and modernization of company law in
Brazil to the legal regime on insolvency and recovery of commercial
entrepreneurs in Brazil. The figure of the commercial entrepreneur
is highlighted, listing the main aspects to consider for the
acquisition of the status of commercial entrepreneur in Brazil and
the special obligations that are imposed on the business operators
either individuals or companies.
Brazil, experiencing its largest economic expansion in three
decades, is increasingly at the centre of international trade
negotiations. As the world grapples with one of the most severe
financial recessions of all time, Brazil is using this opportunity
to harness its authority regionally and globally. The country's
already booming exports, recent offshore oil discoveries,
macroeconomic stabilization, efficient government policies, and
strategic ties to other emerging powers such as China are combining
to transform Brazil into an economic superpower. Domestically,
Brazil has almost instantaneously been given added political clout,
which it can use as leverage in international bargaining. Brazil's
growing prominence on the world stage, both as an investor and as a
beneficiary of investments, merits attention to its behaviour
regarding contingent protection measures and its strategically
active use of WTO law and mechanisms. This book provides a thorough
analysis of current Brazilian trade policy in regard to both the
country's historical economic situation and its commitments as a
member of the World Trade Organization. Among the aspects that come
under analysis are the following: Brazil's use of antidumping,
countervailing measures, and safeguards; the lingering tendency
towards protectionism in Brazil's traditional industrial sector;
interaction between trade and competition policies; the strategic
partnership between Brazil and China; resolution of Sino-Brazilian
trade disputes; Brazil's regional free trade agreements; measures
taken by Brazil as an importing country; measures taken by other
WTO members against Brazil; and investigations conducted by foreign
trade investigating authorities involving Brazilian exports.
Replete with case studies and analyses of relevant proposals and
initiatives, this incomparable resource offers the most
comprehensive treatment available in one place of Brazil's role and
activity in the global trade regime. It is sure to be widely read
not only by lawyers and legal academics but by the entire spectrum
of those interested in the present and future of the world trade
system.
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