A natural resource strategist investigates the growing global demand for rare metals and what it means to the environment and our future Our future hinges on a set of elements that few of us have even heard of. In this surprising and revealing book, David S. Abraham unveils what rare metals are and why our electronic gadgets, the most powerful armies, and indeed the fate of our planet depend on them. These metals have become the building blocks of modern society; their properties are now essential for nearly all our electronic, military, and "green" technologies. But their growing use is not without environmental, economic, and geopolitical consequences. Abraham traces these elements' hidden paths from mines to our living rooms, from the remote hills of China to the frozen Gulf of Finland, providing vivid accounts of those who produce, trade, and rely on rare metals. He argues that these materials are increasingly playing a significant role in global affairs, conferring strength to countries and companies that can ensure sustainable supplies. Just as oil, iron, and bronze revolutionized previous eras, so too will these metals. The challenges this book reveals, and the plans it proposes, make it essential reading for our rare metal age.

This paper demonstrates how a better understanding of culture can lend itself to a better understanding of meaning in discourse between two cultures who operate across a linguistic barrier. The paper falls under the tradition of cultural relativism, and the modern version of linguistic relativity. Culture is a multi-faceted concept that can mean something different depending on the objective of study, and the particular discipline of the researcher. This led the researcher to adopt a theory of culture as socially distributed knowledge. Due to the particular subject related to meaning and linguistic contact, the paper makes language the parameter to define the culture being studied, which in this case is the Arabic speech community, writ large. Obviously, there are many subordinate cultures in such a large entity. The particular theory and parameter that we adopted will allow us to make some generalizations about Arabic speakers, based on a study of characteristics of the Arabic language. The theory also allows for human indeterminism, which tells us that each individual human being acts on his own accord, sometimes in accordance with cultural norms and sometimes not. This helps to keep the project in perspective and to prevent rash action based on expectations of behavior that can never be accurately predicted. About one third of this paper is dedicated to gaining an understanding of the history and characteristics of the Arabic language varieties. Because the Arabic speech community is the culture being studied, and language reflects the particular history and traditions of those who speak it, this amount of space is justified. In this case, the roots of Arabic language diglossia, and the different ways that the language has become a symbol of nationalism, pan-Arabism, and pan-Islamic ideology are of interest to the study and are the focus for the history. There is no foray into the realm of linguistics as a science, nor the large corpus of Arabic language literat