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When Emil Kraepelin died (15. 02. 1856-07. 10. 1926), he left
behind his memoirs, which were not published until today.
Co-workers and col leagues from the last years of Kraepelin's life
and his family knew that such an autobiography existed, but they
were not sure whether these memoirs should be made public, so they
remained unpublished. At a commemoration 50 years after Emil
Kraepelin's death in Mu nich (1976) the descendants, who attended
the festivities, agreed to the editors' suggestion to publish the
"Memoirs". Through this publication we have been able to learn more
about the life of a man, whose work has had a decisive and lasting
effect on the entire psychiatry since the end of the last century.
When one reads the memoirs, one has to admit that on ly very little
is known about this great psychiatrist's personality and path
through life and that this gap has by no means been filled by the
publica tion of his memoirs. Perhaps this publication will
encourage work on a biography, which will give us more information
on Kraepelin's person ality, life and scientific work. The
focal-point of Kraepelin's work lies in the classification of psy
chiatric clinical syndromes, which was developed from clinical
observa tions, was constantly tested empirically and was altered
taking new findings and knowledge into account. However, the basis
of this system has remained unchanged and valid until today.
The human brain occupies a unique position among the organs of the
human body. With its 1010 nerve cells and the innumerable
interconnections, it is the most complex living system we know. It
is the prerequisite for all though~, feeling, and action and hence
for the awareness of ourselves. In many religions and philosophies
it was and is considered to be the seat of the immortal soul. For
centuries some individuals looked upon the mentally ill with holy
reverence, and others responded with shock and radical social
ostracism. In the neurosciences, too, the brain is not just one
organ among many. As with the genome, it is considered to be an
information storage unit. But whereas the genetic information
cannot be influenced by the individual carrier, the brain can
learn; that is, it is capable of storing information from the life
history of its carrier, and it can pass this information on. The
neurosciences are an area of research that has cut across the
boundaries of the classic disciplines and now includes a broad
spectrum ranging from basic research to clinical medicine. These
sciences have developed remarkable momentum since they have taken
an interdisciplinary approach and made use of experimental
techniques and concepts developed in the fields of physics,
biochemistry, molecular biology, behavioral physiology,
experimental psychology, and computer science.
Research and Treatment in the Psychobiology of Bulimia Nervosa 1 2
K. M. Pirke and W. Vandereycken When we were preparing this book,
the main purpose was to gather the latest in sights from both basic
and clinical research in bulimic disorders. The burgeoning
scientific interest in eating disorders forced us to restrict the
focus in such a way that attention was only paid to
psychobiological aspects of (disturbed) nutrition and be havior.
This implied that other important aspects, like sociocultural and
familial fac tors, had to be excluded. But it turned out that even
with such a restricted scope the subject was not an easy one. A
review of the contributions to this volume clearly shows that our
present understanding of bulimia nervosa is still very small.
Reviewing the hypothalamic and especially neuroendocrine regulation
of nutrient balance, Bray has emphasized the importance of the
autonomic nervous system in regulating food intake and energy
expenditure. The role of insulin, adrenal steroids, gonadal
steroids, and growth hormone in modulating nutrient intake and
storage were discussed. The studies by Jimerson et aI. , Schweiger
et aI. , and Fichter et al. show that all these factors are altered
in bulimic patients, indicating that the whole system of regulating
food intake and storage is severely disturbed in bulimia nervosa.
Evidence has been presented that neurotransmitter alterations may
occur in bulimia: Jimerson et al.
Dieses Buch enthAlt die Kurzform ausgewAhlter Referate des
internationalen Kongresses des Deutschen ParitAtischen
Wohlfahrtsverbandes zum Thema "Rehabilitation in der Psychiatrie."
Neben grundsAtzlichen Fragen der psychiatrischen Rehabilitation
werden spezielle Aspekte wie komplexes diagnostisches und
therapeutisches BedingungsgefA1/4ge, Fragen der gesellschaftlichen
Akzeptanz des psychisch Kranken etc. in einer multidisziplinAren
Betrachtungsweise erArtert. Dabei finden neueste
Grundsatzforschungen und therapeutische AnsAtze im In- und Ausland
besondere BerA1/4cksichtigung. Diese umfassende Darstellung
vermittelt einen nahezu lA1/4ckenlosen Aoeberblick A1/4ber alle
derzeit verfA1/4gbaren Erkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der
Wiedereingliederung psychisch Kranker.
Das Buch enthAlt die BeitrAge der Tagung "Neurowissenschaft und
Ethik," die 1986 in Jakobsberg bei Bonn auf Einladung des
Bundeskanzlers stattfand und sich mit den ethischen Fragen befaAte,
die in den sich rasch entwickelnden Neurowissenschaften und der
Neuromedizin eine Rolle spielen und schon jetzt in die Affentliche
Diskussion eingetreten sind. Nach einer eingehenden Darstellung der
molekularen Biologie, der Struktur und Funktion neuronaler
SignalA1/4bertragungsprozesse sowie der Prinzipien neuronaler
Netzwerke werden Probleme neurogenetischer Krankheiten, der
Intensivmedizin und der Neurochirurgie vorgestellt. Auf dieser
Grundlage werden offene ethische Fragen zu dem Problem der
Erforschung und Behandlung von Nerven- und Geisteskrankheiten
behandelt und in einer abschlieAenden Empfehlung formuliert.
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