Toward the end of the nineteenth century, new railroads, ports, and steamships enabled people to travel faster and in greater numbers than ever before. Migrations and Belongings traces burgeoning population movements across several continents from 1870 to the end of World War II. This study explains the complex variables involved in global migrations and the processes of acculturation by which "belonging" takes shape. Dirk Hoerder emphasizes the migration systems that emerge when population clusters move between regions over long periods of time. Eschewing a Eurocentric perspective, he identifies five major systems in different parts of the world where men and women left areas with labor surpluses and swelled regions of urban and industrial growth. These include African slave migration from the 1440s to the 1870s; migration of free and indentured men and women across Asia; Russo-Siberian migration across parts of Asia, North America, and Europe; a North China-Manchurian migration; and an Atlantic system connecting Europe and the Americas. Migrations within and among regions and empires both encouraged population mixing and produced new social stratifications. Questioning the "container" view of states, Hoerder considers instead the dynamic effects of departure, transit, and arrival. Migration, he shows, is both a critique of unsatisfactory conditions in one society and a contribution of human capital to another.

While multicultural composition of nations has become a catchword in public debates, few educators, not to speak of the general public, realize that cultural interaction was the rule throughout history. Starting with the Islam-Christian-Jewish Mediterranean world of the early modern period, this volume moves to the empires of the 18th and 19th centuries and the African Diaspora of the Black Atlantic. It ends with questioning assumptions about citizenship and underlying homogeneous "received" cultures through the analysis of the changes in various literatures. This volume clearly shows that the life-worlds of settled as well as migrant populations in the past were characterized by cultural change and exchange whether conflictual or peaceful. Societies reflected on such change in their literatures as well as in their concepts of citizenship.

Transnational migration within Europe and overseas has become a central theme of historical research in recent years - not least because of its current topical significance. This volume collects a variety of perspectives on the multiplicity of different patterns of migration and of the relationships that sometime linked local, continental, and transatlantic migrations. Although the attention of migration research has long been focused mainly on the spectacular transatlantic migration of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the majority of migrants moved within Europe. The various authors of this volume use examples selected from different European regions and states to develop specific aspects of the broad spectrum of migration patterns that characterized Europe's population movements from the late eighteenth century to the First World War.

Between 1870 and 1945, advances in communication and transportation simultaneously expanded and shrank the world. New technologies erased distance and accelerated the global exchange of people, products, and ideas on an unprecedented scale. A World Connecting focuses on an era when growing global interconnectedness inspired new ambitions but also stoked anxieties and rivalries that would erupt in two world wars-the most destructive conflicts in human history. In five interpretive essays, distinguished historians Emily S. Rosenberg, Charles S. Maier, Tony Ballantyne, Antoinette Burton, Dirk Hoerder, Steven C. Topik, and Allen Wells illuminate the tensions that emerged from intensifying interconnectedness and attempts to control and shape the effects of sweeping change. Each essay provides an overview of a particular theme: modern state-building; imperial encounters; migration; commodity chains; and transnational social and cultural networks. With the emergence of modern statehood and the fluctuating fate of empires came efforts to define and police territorial borders. As people, products, capital, technologies, and affiliations flowed across uneasily bounded spaces, the world both came together and fell apart in unexpected, often horrifying, and sometimes liberating ways. A World Connecting goes beyond nations, empires, and world wars to capture the era's defining feature: the profound and disruptive shift toward an ever more rapidly integrating world.

A landmark work on human migration around the globe, "Cultures in Contact" provides a history of the world told through the movements of its people. It is a broad, pioneering interpretation of the scope, patterns, and consequences of human migrations over the past ten centuries. In this magnum opus thirty years in the making, Dirk Hoerder reconceptualizes the history of migration and immigration, establishing that societal transformation cannot be understood without taking into account the impact of migrations and, indeed, that mobility is more characteristic of human behavior than is stasis.

Signaling a major paradigm shift, "Cultures in Contact" creates an English-language map of human movement that is not Atlantic Ocean-based. Hoerder describes the origins, causes, and extent of migrations around the globe and analyzes the cultural interactions they have triggered. He pays particular attention to the consequences of immigration within the receiving countries. His work sweeps from the eleventh century forward through the end of the twentieth, when migration patterns shifted to include transpacific migration, return migrations from former colonies, refugee migrations, and distinct regional labor migrations in the developing world. Hoerder demonstrates that as we enter the third millennium, regional and intercontinental migration patterns no longer resemble those of previous centuries. They have been transformed by new communications systems and other forces of globalization and transnationalism.

Presenting an unprecedented, integrated view of migration in North America, this interdisciplinary collection of essays illuminates the movements of people within and between Canada, the Caribbean, Mexico, and the United States over the past two centuries. Several essays discuss recent migrations from Central America as well. In the introduction, Dirk Hoerder provides a sweeping historical overview of North American societies in the Atlantic world. He also develops and advocates what he and Nora Faires call "transcultural societal studies," an interdisciplinary approach to migration studies that combines migration research across disciplines and at the local, regional, national, and transnational levels. The contributors examine the movements of diverse populations across North America in relation to changing cultural, political, and economic patterns. They describe the ways that people have fashioned cross-border lives, as well as the effects of shifting labor markets in facilitating or hindering cross-border movement, the place of formal and informal politics in migration processes and migrants' lives, and the creation and transformation of borderlands economies, societies, and cultures. This collection offers rich new perspectives on migration in North America and on the broader study of migration history.

Contributors
Jaime R. Aguila
Rodolfo Casillas-R.
Nora Faires
Maria Cristina Garcia
Delia Gonzales de Reufels
Brian Gratton
Susan E. Gray
James N. Gregory
John Mason Hart
Dirk Hoerder
Dan Killoren
Sarah-Jane (Saje) Mathieu
Catherine O'Donnell
Kerry Preibisch
Lara Putnam
Bruno Ramirez
Angelika Sauer
Melanie Shell-Weiss
Yukari Takai
Omar S. Valerio-Jimenez
Carlos G. Velez-Ibanez

The demographic shockwaves of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Europe produced tremendous change in the national economies and affected the political, social, and cultural development of these societies. Migration historians have begun to connect the various European migratory streams during this period with transcontinental migration to North America. This volume contains empirical studies on German in-migration, internal migration, and transatlantic emigration from the 1820s to the 1930s, placed in a comparative perspective of Polish, Swedish, and Irish migration to North America. Special emphasis is placed on the role of women in the process of migration. By looking specifically at postwar Germany, Klaus J. Bade underscores the relevance of this history in a concluding essay.

The demographic shockwaves of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Europe produced tremendous change in the national economies and affected the political, social, and cultural development of these societies. Within the past two decades, migration historians began to connect the various European migratory streams during this period with transcontinental migration to North America. This volume contains empirical studies on German in-migration, internal migration, and transatlantic emigration from the 1820s to the 1930s, placed in a comparative perspective of Polish, Swedish, and Irish migration to North America. Special emphasis is placed on the role of women in the process of migration. By looking specifically at contemporary Germany, Klaus J. Bade underscores the relevance of this history in a concluding essay.

As in the first volume, entries are divided into individual language sections for ease of reference. Each section begins with general information about the cooperating language specialists, the area where the language was spoken in 1910, and explanation of library and depository symbols, and a section bibliography. Introductory essays survey the development of the labor and radical press as it relates to the particular ethnic group in question. The annotated bibliography contains all periodicals that appeared more than once a year, along with brief descriptions where available. Finally, each section contains complete title, geographical, and chronological indexes to the periodicals included.

Continuing the work of the first two volumes, the third and final volume of Dirk Hoerder's landmark bibliography covers labor migrants from Southern and Western Europe. As with each of the previous volumes, the aim has been to provide a comprehensive record of the non-English language periodical literature produced by European ethnic groups in North America. The focus throughout is on the labor and radical press to enable the researcher to compare and contrast the experiences of various ethnic groups as part of the North American working class.

This bibliography is a comprehensive collection of the non-English-language labor and radical periodical publications of the United States and Canada, written for and by immigrants. It is intended to supplement existing studies of the role of individual ethnic groups in the North American working classes, by using a broad comparative approach that takes into account the cultures of origin, migration processes, and specific forms of acculturation in the United States and Canada. It represents the collective efforts of thirty scholars from many cultures, with widely varied experiences, styles of annotation, and scholarly traditions, and includes detailed annotations of all bibliographic entries, as well as title, place, and chronological indexes.

This collection of essays revises and broadens scholarly assumptions about the history of migration in search of work. The book begins with a critique of current concepts in migration history and a general survey of European labor migration from the 1820s to the 1920s. The following section discusses important emigration and immigration countries and examines in detail the problems of internal European migration in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The author then focuses on the acculturation of labor migrants on both sides of the Atlantic. The final section of this work tackles the much neglected question of return migration. A bibliographic essay, as well as numerous graphs, maps, and illustrations, supplement this collection of essays.

To Know Our Many Selves profiles the history of Canadian studies, which began as early as the 1840s with the Study of Canada. Dirk Hoerder discusses this comprehensive examination of culture by highlighting its unique interdisciplinary approach, which included both sociological and political angles. In later years, as the study of other ethnicities was added to the cultural story of Canada, a solid foundaton was formed for the nation's master narrative.

Against this background Hoerder focuses on why Canadian studies may be used as a sound model for the study of other societies in a frame of transcultural societal studies.

Dirk Hoerder is professor of history at Arizona State University, Tempe.