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Human activity is strictly linked with the production of waste,
i.e., materials and substances that are undesired and cannot be
used further. On the one hand these substances are natural to the
environment, eliminated from further technological process by their
uselessness (e.g. mining waste), or represent new products such as
anthropogenic waste, being the by-product of industrial and
agricultural activities. A separate group comprises municipal waste
that is not linked with production but results from human dwelling.
Utilisation actions aiming at neutralising and/or removal of waste
are focused on substances that due to their existing or potential
chemical activity may negatively influence the biosphere.
Non-active substances represent alien elements in the natural
environment, but due to their passive character, their utilisation
is concentrated on non-conflicting storage. Active pollutants
influencing the natural environment penetrate it as gaseous
emanations, fluids (sewage and effluents) and solids. This book
addresses this very important issue and covers the topic of
restriction of emission and removal of hazardous gaseous emanations
that should be conducted in places where they are formed.
Imperfection of the applied technology or its lack results in
atmospheric pollution. This problem can be of local (around
industrial plants, e.g. chemical works, food processing plants,
around farmsteads and stock farms), country or global range
(emission of CO2, nitrogen compounds, gases hazardous to the ozone
layer).
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