The Handbook of Deontic Logic and Normative Systems presents a detailed overview of the main lines of research on contemporary deontic logic and related topics. Although building on decades of previous work in the field, it is the first collection to take into account the significant changes in the landscape of deontic logic that have occurred in the past twenty years. These changes have resulted largely, though not entirely, from the interaction of deontic logic with a variety of other fields, including computer science, legal theory, organizational theory, economics, and linguistics. This first volume of the Handbook is divided into three parts, containing nine chapters in all, each written by leading experts in the field. The first part concentrates on historical foundations. The second examines topics of central interest in contemporary deontic logic. The third presents some new logical frameworks that have now become part of the mainstream literature. A second volume of the Handbook is currently in preparation, and there may be a third after that.

Mathematical Problems from Applied Logic II presents chapters from selected, world renowned, logicians. Important topics of logic are discussed from the point of view of their further development in light of requirements arising from their successful application in areas such as Computer Science and AI language. Fields covered include: logic of provability, applications of computability theory to biology, psychology, physics, chemistry, economics, and other basic sciences; computability theory and computable models; logic and space-time geometry; hybrid systems; logic and region-based theory of space.

In this book we deal with combinations of concepts defining individuals in the Talmud. Consider for example Yom Kippur and Shabbat. Each concept has its own body of laws. Reality forces us to combine them when they occur on the same day. This is a case of "Identity Merging." As the combined body of laws may be inconsistent, we need a belief revision mechanism to reconcile the conflicting norms. The Talmud offers three options: 1 Take the union of the sets of the rules side by side 2. Resolve the conflicts using further meta-level Talmudic principles (which are new and of value to present day Artificial Intelligence) 3. Regard the new combined concept as a new entity with its own Halachic norms and create new norms for it out of the existing ones. This book offers a clear and precise logical model showing how the Talmud deals with these options.

This book studies the Talmudic approach to Delegation. We develop logical models for the basic Talmudic views of delegation. The Talmudic approaches to the relationships between the Principal and his Agent/Delegate are fundamentally very logical, and deal with questions like chains of delegations, transfer of power, cancellations, death, irresponsible behaviour, change of the terms of delegation, and much more. We highlight the differences between the Talmudic approach and the view of delegation in modern legal systems.

Plato's theory of forms and Aristotle's Hylomorphism form a foundational bifurcation at the source of western philosophy. From a Jurisprudential and Talmudic point of view, assessing the status of objects and actions obligatory in Halacha can be clarified when assessed through this dual view of obligations to abstract ideal forms or concrete earthly objects. The Talmudic mode of analysing Halachic obligations suggests an approach of abstraction that though not fully Platonic, can share some basic logical modes with it.

This book presents contributions from world-renowned logicians, discussing important topics of logic from the point of view of their further development in light of requirements arising from successful application in Computer Science and AI language. Coverage includes: the logic of provability, computability theory applied to biology, psychology, physics, chemistry, economics, and other basic sciences; computability theory and computable models; logic and space-time geometry; hybrid systems; logic and region-based theory of space.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Joint Conference on Qualitative and Quantitative Practical Reasoning, ECSQARU-FAPR'97, held in Bad Honnef, Germany, in June 1997.
The volume presents 33 revised full papers carefully selected for inclusion in the book by the program committee as well as 12 invited contributions. Among the various aspects of human practical reasoning addressed in the papers are nonmonotonic logics, default reasoning, modal logics, belief function theory, Bayesian networks, fuzzy logic, possibility theory, inference algorithms, dynamic reasoning with partial models, and user modeling approaches.

This book studies Talmudic temporal logic and compares it with the logic of time in contemporary law.Following a general introduction about the logical handling of time, the book examines several key Talmudic debates involving time.The book finds that we need multi-dimensional temporal models with backward causation and parallel histories.It seems that two major issues are involved: 1 Actions conditional about future actions (Tenayim), connecting with backward causality2 Actions involving entities defined using future events (Breira), connecting with ideas from quantum MechanicsThe book concludes with a general comparative discussion of the handling of time in general law and in the Talmud.

In this book we study the Deontic Logic of the Talmud. We find the system is different from the formal deontic logical system currently used in the general scientific community, both in its ethical aspects as well as in its legal aspects. We show that the Talmudic distinctions between Obligations and Prohibitions are not based on the manner of execution of actions (positive action or lack of action) and offer a suitable model for such distinctions.Our model distinguishes between the normative and practical aspects of the Talmudic legal and ethical argumentation and discusses several applications and clarifications to current so called paradoxes of Deontic Logic as related to Contrary to Duties and to legal and ethical practical decision making.

We analyse the three basic non-deductive rules of Talmudic inference; namely Kal Vachomer (Argumentum A Fortiori) and the two kinds of Binyan Av (Analogy and Induction). We construct a unified Matrix Abduction model which explains all the major instances of these rules in the Talmud.