This is the book that will teach programmers to write faster, more efficient code for parallel processors. The reader is introduced to a vast array of procedures and paradigms on which actual coding may be based. Examples and real-life simulations using these devices are presented in C and FORTRAN. The ease in writing code and the satisfaction of running high-performance programs will reward programmers who can learn the tools of presented here.

Echinoderms have evolved diverse and disparate morphologies throughout the Phanerozoic. Among them, blastozoans, an extinct group of echinoderms that were an important component of Paleozoic marine ecosystems, are primarily subdivided into groups based on the morphology of respiratory structures. However, systematic and phylogenetic research from the past few decades have shown that respiratory structures in blastozoans are not group-defining and they have re-evolved throughout echinoderm evolution. This Element provides a review of the research involving blastozoan respiratory structures, along with research concerning the morphology, paleoecology, and ontogeny of each of the major groupings of blastozoans as it relates to their corresponding respiratory structures. Areas of future research in these groups are also highlighted.

Applies lean manufacturing principles across the cloud service delivery chain to enable application and infrastructure service providers to sustainably achieve the shortest lead time, best quality, and value * Applies lean thinking across the cloud service delivery chain to recognize and minimize waste * Leverages lessons learned from electric power industry operations to operations of cloud infrastructure * Applies insights from just-in-time inventory management to operation of cloud based applications * Explains how traditional, Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) and Enhanced Telecom Operation Map (eTOM) capacity management evolves to lean computing for the cloud

In recent years, a dedicated effort has been made to understand the immune dysfunction that is associated with major psychiatric disorders. The expanding knowledge of the immune system as a major homeostatic system has been very helpful in indicating new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets to reduce the burden of psychiatric disorders. Indeed, immune cells, their secreted molecules, and cell signalling events are highly promising. Yet, the literature on immunology of psychiatric disorders is still dispersed, and only a few attempts have been made to consolidate the current knowledge in this expanding area. This book assembles and presents the available data on the immune/inflammatory dysfunction in psychiatric disorders, indicating the potential of immune mechanisms as either biomarkers or therapeutic targets, as well as discussing the challenges ahead of incorporating this knowledge into clinical practice. An international team of senior experts in the field review all psychiatric disorders in order to provide an integrated, in-depth understanding of the role of immune changes in psychiatric diseases for mental health clinicians as well as for researchers in immunology, psychiatry, neurology, and pharmacology.

Imaging and visualizing fossils in three dimensions with tomography is a powerful approach in paleontology. Here, the authors introduce select destructive and non-destructive tomographic techniques that are routinely applied to fossils and review how this work has improved our understanding of the anatomy, function, taphonomy, and phylogeny of fossil echinoderms. Building on this, this Element discusses how new imaging and computational methods have great promise for addressing long-standing paleobiological questions. Future efforts to improve the accessibility of the data underlying this work will be key for realizing the potential of this virtual world of paleontology.

Structural and dynamical properties of surfaces are of considerable importance for the elucidation of surface phenomena. For example, the adsorption of particles and chemical reactions at surfaces are influenced by these properties. Also, the electronic surface states of electronic device materials (e.g., Schottky barrier diodes and metal-insulator-semiconductor devices) depend critically on the structure of the semiconductor surface and the overlayers. As in "Structure and Dynamics of Surfaces I," this Topics volume considers the problems at the mircoscopic level. It deals with ordered and disordered as well as harmonic and anharmonic surface effects. Novel experimental techniques and theoretical developments which have been applied successfully during the last decade are integrated. The contributions of this volume also include the background of the subject, typical results, and, in most cases, trends of future developments.

A combination of button accordion and bajo sexto, conjunto originated in the Texas-Mexico borderlands as a popular dance music and became a powerful form of regional identity. Today, listeners and musicians around the world have embraced the genre and the work of conjunto masters like Flaco Jimenez and Mingo Saldivar. Erin E. Bauer follows conjunto from its local origins through three processes of globalization--migration via media, hybridization, and appropriation--that boosted the music's reach. As Bauer shows, conjunto's encounter with globalizing forces raises fundamental questions. What is conjunto stylistically and socioculturally? Does context change how we categorize it? Do we consider the music to be conjunto based on its musical characteristics or due to its performance by Jimenez and other regional players? How do similar local genres like Tejano and norteno relate to ideas of categorization? A rare look at a fascinating musical phenomenon, Flaco's Legacy reveals how conjunto came to encompass new people, places, and styles.

A combination of button accordion and bajo sexto, conjunto originated in the Texas-Mexico borderlands as a popular dance music and became a powerful form of regional identity. Today, listeners and musicians around the world have embraced the genre and the work of conjunto masters like Flaco Jimenez and Mingo Saldivar. Erin E. Bauer follows conjunto from its local origins through three processes of globalization--migration via media, hybridization, and appropriation--that boosted the music's reach. As Bauer shows, conjunto's encounter with globalizing forces raises fundamental questions. What is conjunto stylistically and socioculturally? Does context change how we categorize it? Do we consider the music to be conjunto based on its musical characteristics or due to its performance by Jimenez and other regional players? How do similar local genres like Tejano and norteno relate to ideas of categorization? A rare look at a fascinating musical phenomenon, Flaco's Legacy reveals how conjunto came to encompass new people, places, and styles.

This issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics will focus on Gene Therapy. Topics include, but are not limited to Historical Perspective and Current Renaissance, Integrating Vectors, Nonintegrating Vectors, Gene Editing, Conditioning Therapies for Autologous HSCT, Approaches to Immunodeficiency, Approaches to Hemoglobinopathy, Approaches to Hemophilia, Hematopoietic Gene Therapies for Neurologic and Metabolic Disease, Gene Therapy Approaches to HIV and other Infectious Diseases, HSC Approaches to Cancer, and Gene Modified T Cell Therapies for Cancer.

System reliability, availability and robustness are often not well understood by system architects, engineers and developers. They often don't understand what drives customer's availability expectations, how to frame verifiable availability/robustness requirements, how to manage and budget availability/robustness, how to methodically architect and design systems that meet robustness requirements, and so on. The book takes a very pragmatic approach of framing reliability and robustness as a functional aspect of a system so that architects, designers, developers and testers can address it as a concrete, functional attribute of a system, rather than an abstract, non-functional notion.

The ability for people to connect, learn, and communicate about science has been enhanced through the Internet, specifically through social media platforms. Facebook and Twitter are well-studied, while Instagram is understudied. This Element provides insight into using Instagram as a science education platform by pioneering a set of calculated metrics, using a paleontology-focused account as a case study. Framed by the theory of affinity spaces, the authors conducted year-long analyses of 455 posts and 139 stories that were created as part of an informal science learning project. They found that team activity updates and posts outside of their other categories perform better than their defined categories. For Instagram stories, the data show that fewer slides per story hold viewers' attention longer, and stories using the poll tool garnered the most interaction. This Element provides a baseline to assess the success of Instagram content for science communicators and natural science institutions.

A holistic approach to service reliability and availability of cloud computing

"Reliability and Availability of Cloud Computing" provides IS/IT system and solution architects, developers, and engineers with the knowledge needed to assess the impact of virtualization and cloud computing on service reliability and availability. It reveals how to select the most appropriate design for reliability diligence to assure that user expectations are met.

Organized in three parts (basics, risk analysis, and recommendations), this resource is accessible to readers of diverse backgrounds and experience levels. Numerous examples and more than 100 figures throughout the book help readers visualize problems to better understand the topic--and the authors present risks and options in bulleted lists that can be applied directly to specific applications/problems.

Special features of this book include: Rigorous analysis of the reliability and availability risks that are inherent in cloud computingSimple formulas that explain the quantitative aspects of reliability and availabilityEnlightening discussions of the ways in which virtualized applications and cloud deployments differ from traditional system implementations and deploymentsSpecific recommendations for developing reliable virtualized applications and cloud-based solutions

"Reliability and Availability of Cloud Computing" is the guide for IS/IT staff in business, government, academia, and non-governmental organizations who are moving their applications to the cloud. It is also an important reference for professionals in technical sales, product management, and quality management, as well as software and quality engineers looking to broaden their expertise.

The authors explain why applications running on cloud might not deliver the same service reliability, availability, latency and overall quality to end users as they do when the applications are running on traditional (non-virtualized, non-cloud) configurations, and explains what can be done to mitigate that risk.

Ein standig steigender Bedarf an Industrieglitern bei einer deutlich erkennbaren Verknappung und Verteuerung qualifizier- ter Arbeitskrafte erfordert eine konsequente Rationalisierung aller Unternehmensbereiche der Mittel- und Kleinserienferti- gung [1]. Der Einsatz verbesserter Produktionsmethoden, die Verwendung neuer Werkstoffe sowie eine durchgreifende Auto- matisierung aller Bereiche stellen wesentliche Ansatzpunkte zur Lasung der anstehenden Probleme dar. Wenn man dabei berlicksichtigt, daB die Materialwirtschaft und die Fertigung in einem Unternehmen den weitaus graBten Kosten- anteil verursachen [2], wird die Forderung nach Automatisie- rung des Material- und Informationsflusses dieser Bereiche besonders einleuchtend. Mit Einflihrung der numerischen Steuerung (NC) steht ein ge- eignetes Hilfsmittel zur Verfligung, das einedurchgreifende Automatisierung des Informationsflusses der Fertigung erlaubt. Aufbauend auf der mit ihr erreichbaren Automatisierung kan- nen, durch verstarkten Einsatz von Digitalrechnern, weitere Bereiche der Fertigung mit in einen automatisierten Informa- tionsfluB einbezogen werden. Einen wesentlichen Schritt in dieser Richtung stellt die Ent- wicklung von DNC-Systemen ( irect umerical fontrol) dar, die mehrere numerische Steuerungen mit dem Digitalrechner koppeln. Auf dem peripheren Speicher des Rechners sind aIle von den angeschlossenen Steuerungen im betrachteten Zeitraum benatigten NC-Programme abgelegt. Auf Anforderung der NC ent- nimmt der Rechner die NC-Daten dem peripheren Speicher und verteilt sie zeit- und formatrichtig an die Steuerungen. Diese Systeme kannen erweitert werden zu integrierten Infor- mationssystemen, die den InformationsfluB der Konstruktion und der Arbeitsvorbereitung mit der Fertigung koppeln.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.