During the last two decades, applied ethics has not only developed into one of the most important philosophical disciplines but has also differentiated into so many subdisciplines that it is becoming increasingly difficult to survey it. A much-needed overview is provided by the eighteen contributions to this volume, in which internationally renowned experts deal with central questions of environmental ethics, bioethics and medical ethics, professional and business ethics, social, political, and legal ethics as well as with the aims and foundations of applied ethics in general. Thanks to a philosophical introduction and selected bibliographical references added to each chapter, the book is very well suited as a basis for courses in applied ethics. It is directed not only to philosophers and to ethicists from other disciplines but to scientists in general and to all people who are interested in the rational discussion of moral principles and their application to concrete problems in the sciences and in everyday life.

Free logic - i.e., logic free of existential presuppositions in general and with respect to singular terms in particular- began to come into its own as a field of research in the 1950s. As is the case with so many developments in Western philosophy, its roots can be traced back to ancient Greek philo sophy. It is only during the last fifty years, however, that it has become well established as a branch of modern logic. The name of Karel Lambert is most closely connected with this development: he gave it its name and its profile as a well defined field of research. After a development of fifty years, it is time to look back and take stock while at the same time scanning for new perspectives. This is the purpose of the papers collected in this volume. The first paper is written by Karel Lambert himself who also comments on all the papers of the other authors. In an introductory essay we give a survey of the present status of and new directions in free logic."

During the last two decades, applied ethics has not only developed into one of the most important philosophical disciplines but has also differentiated into so many subdisciplines that it is becoming increasingly difficult to survey it. A much-needed overview is provided by the eighteen contributions to this volume, in which internationally renowned experts deal with central questions of environmental ethics, bioethics and medical ethics, professional and business ethics, social, political, and legal ethics as well as with the aims and foundations of applied ethics in general. Thanks to a philosophical introduction and selected bibliographical references added to each chapter, the book is very well suited as a basis for courses in applied ethics. It is directed not only to philosophers and to ethicists from other disciplines but to scientists in general and to all people who are interested in the rational discussion of moral principles and their application to concrete problems in the sciences and in everyday life.

Modern endoprosthetics requires the examination of basic principles such as metallurgy, tribology, gait analysis, model and system development, methods of implant fixation, design, surface problems, material characteristics, stability behaviour, and operating techniques. With a background of more than 30 years of experience, this work presents a summary of these fields, providing the reader with the current state of knowledge. It is dedicated to Dr. med. h.c. Otto Frey-Zund who, in conjunction with orthopaedic surgeons, scientists and engineers from all over Europe, developed artificial joints for hips, knees, elbows and wrists in over 30 years of pioneering work.

J. SCHATZKER Friedrich Pauwels first postulated that excessive osteotomies and in particular on a group ofJ 09 joint pressure could cause the destruction of ar- osteotomies followed up for 13-15 years after ticular cartilage and lead to osteoarthritis, and surgery. that the reduction of this pressure would bring Erwin Morscher supports the long-term re- about regeneration of articular cartilage and re- sults of Bombelli and Schneider in his analysis gression of the disease. The first chapter of this of a study of over 2,000 osteotomies performed book is a synthesis of Pauwels' lifelong devotion in several Swiss centers. to the biomechanics of the hip. It presents the He also presents a careful analysis of his reader with a clear exposition of the intertro- own smaller series. Based on all these data, he chanteric osteotomy as a procedure based on defines for us the ideal parameters which clear biomechanical principles, and illustrates should be present in order to make the patient how biomechanical regeneration of the joint can an ideal candidate for an intertrochanteric os- be influenced by a reversal of the mechanical teotomy.

The main problem with regard to alloplastic joints is the loosening of the implant. Twenty years ago, Charnley first introduced bone cement to hip surgery, enabling total hip replacement to be practised on a larger scale. There is no question, however, that new approaches must be found to solving the problems of implant loosening, either by developing a new type of cement or by directly anchoring the implant without using ce- ment. Much research has been done in this direction in recent years. The methods which have already been tested or are currently being tested were presented and discussed at a symposium on Cementless Fixation of Endoprostheses organized by the Orthopaedic Clinic of the University of Basel and held on 24-26 June 1982. Various possible ap- proaches which might be realized in practice were discussed in a relaxed atmosphere. In addition to the biomechanical bases of cementless fixa- tion of endoprostheses, the various models were discussed, with special regard to their biocompatibility, physical characteristics, design, clinical applicability, and previous clinical experience. This book contains the papers delivered at this symposium.

Readers of the first volume of Progress in Orthopaedic Surgery may remember the introductory remarks of Drs. Wagner and Hungerford. It is the intention of the editors of this publication to familiarize English - speaking orthopaedists with articles published in the European literature which, because of language barriers, would otherwise be inaccessible to them. Most articles in this second volume also are translations of papers originally printed in Der Orthopiide. The purpose of this German medical journal is to disseminate the newest experiences of orthopaedic problems in a form that is of particular value to the practising orthopaedic surgeon. In 1973 eight articles were published on acetabular dysplasia. In his fore word to this issue Dr. Wagner stated some of the reasons why such an indepth study was deemed necessary. He was of the opinion that the shallowness and increase in acclivity of the acetabulum was of such central importance in the development and treatment of hip dysplasias that a volume dealing with this subject was fully justified. Another reason for this collection of papers was the advances made in correcting the results of a dysplastic acetabulum by surgical means and thereby improving hip joint function in later years, or at least pre venting its early deterioration."

Free logic - i.e., logic free of existential presuppositions in general and with respect to singular terms in particular- began to come into its own as a field of research in the 1950s. As is the case with so many developments in Western philosophy, its roots can be traced back to ancient Greek philo sophy. It is only during the last fifty years, however, that it has become well established as a branch of modern logic. The name of Karel Lambert is most closely connected with this development: he gave it its name and its profile as a well defined field of research. After a development of fifty years, it is time to look back and take stock while at the same time scanning for new perspectives. This is the purpose of the papers collected in this volume. The first paper is written by Karel Lambert himself who also comments on all the papers of the other authors. In an introductory essay we give a survey of the present status of and new directions in free logic."

Das Hauptproblern des alloplastischen Gelenkes ist die Lockerung des Implanta- tes. Obwohl der vor uber 20 Jahren von 1. Charnley in die Huftchirurgie einge- fuhrte Knochenzement die enorme Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet der Endopro- thetik uberhaupt erst moeglich gemacht hat, besteht kaum ein Zweifel daruber, dass zur Loesung des Problems der Prothesenlockerung neue Wege eingeschlagen werden mussen, sei es durch Findung neuer Knochenzemente oder durch direkte Verankerung der Endoprothesen in den Knochen ohne Verwendung von Kno- chenzement. In dieser Richtung ist in den letzten Jahren viel Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeit geleistet worden. Im Sinne einer Standortbestimmung wurden an einem von der Orthopadi- schen Universitatsklinik Basel vom 24.-26.6. 1982 organisierten Symposium uber "Zementlose Fixation von Huftendoprothesen" die bisher erprobten und in Erprobung befindlichen Methoden der zementfreien Verankerung von Huften- doprothesen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Es wurden durch ungezwungenen Aus- tausch der Erfahrungen die verschiedenen Wege zukunftiger, praktisch realisier- barer Moeglichkeiten beleuchtet. Neben den biomechanischen Grundlagen der zementfreien Verankerung von Huftendoprothesen wurde im speziellen auf die einzelnen Modelle im Hinblick auf ihre Biokompatibilitat, ihre physikalischen Eigenschaften, ihr Design, die klinische Anwendbarkeit und die bisherigen klini- schen Erfahrungen eingegangen. Das vorliegende Buch prasentiert die an jenem Symposium gehaltenen Vortrage. Juni 1983 E. Morscher, Basel V Inhaltsverzeichnis Einfuhrung E. Morscher Die Knochenzementmanschette: Untersuchung an 80 Autopsiepraparaten mit Huftendoprothesen A. Gachter ................... .

Vor dem Hintergrund einer uber 30jahrigen Erfahrung zeigt dieses Werk den aktuellen Wissensstand der Endoprothetik. Es ist Dr.med.h.c. Otto Frey-Zund gewidmet, der in gemeinsamer Pionierarbeit mit orthopadischen Chirurgen, Wissenschaftlern und Ingenieuren aus ganz Europa Kunstgelenke fur Huft-, Knie-, Ellenbogen- und Handgelenke entwickelt hat.
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