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Gustav Bergmann (1906-1987) was, arguably, the greatest ontologist
of the twentieth century in pursuing the fundamental questions of
first philosophy as deeply as any philosopher of any time. In 2006
and 2007, international conferences devoted solely to Bergmann s
work were held at the University of Iowa in the USA, Universite de
Provence in France, and Universita degli Studi Roma Tre in Italy.
The papers in this volume were presented at the first of these
conferences, in Iowa City, where Bergmann taught for nearly four
decades after escaping from Europe, following the dissolution of
the Vienna Circle of which he had been the youngest member. There
are nine philosophical papers, reminiscences of three of his
students, and a complete bibliography of his published writings."
This volume is about ontological categories. The categories of an
ontology are designed to classify all existents. They are crucial
and characterize an ontology.
The two eminent metaphysicians Armstrong and Grossmann exchanged
letters for ten years in which they discussed crucial points of
their respective ontologies. They have a common basis. Both do
metaphysics proper and not linguistic philosophy. Both advocate
universals and acknowledge the key position of the category of
states of affairs. However, they differ on the simplicity of
universals and the nature of states of affairs. There is also a
fundamental methodological disagreement between them. Armstrong
accepts only the evidence of natural science and has a materialist
view on mind while Grossmann is a dualist and grants also the same
evidential status to the phenomenological data of perception and
introspection. The letters are grouped into three phases. The first
is the issue of universals, the second the ontological analysis of
laws of nature and the third the ontology of numbers. The book
contains also longer comments and reviews, partly not published
until now.
Herbert Hochberg is one of the most influential analytical
philosophers and one of the most influential critics of analytical
philosophy. He disputed with almost all leading analytical
philosophers, from Quine, Goodman and Wilfrid Sellars to David
Lewis and David Armstrong. His point of view is ontological and he
harks back to the origins of analytical philosophy where he finds
unknown precursors of current views. And he finds parallels to
contemporary non-analytic philosophies. In his own ontology he
tries to dispense with simple particulars.
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