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Marine and coastal resources provide millions of people with their
livelihoods, such as fishing and tourism, and a range of critical
additional 'ecosystem services', from biodiversity and culture to
carbon storage and flood protection. Yet across the world, these
resources are fast-diminishing under the weight of pollution, land
clearance, coastal development, overfishing, natural disasters and
climate change. This book shows how economic instruments can be
used to incentivize the conservation of marine and coastal
resources. It is shown that traditional approaches to halt the
decline focus on regulating against destructive practices, but to
little effect. A more successful strategy could be to establish
schemes such as payments for ecosystem services (PES), or
incorporate an element of financial incentives into existing
regulatory mechanisms. Examples, both terrestrial and marine, from
across the world suggest that PES can work to protect both
livelihoods and environments. But to succeed, it is shown that
these schemes must be underpinned by robust research, clear
property rights, sound governance structures, equitable benefit
sharing, and sustainable finance. Case studies are included from
south and east Asia, Latin America, Africa and Australia. The book
explores the prospects and challenges, and draws lessons from PES
and PES-like programmes from across the globe.
More than one billion people still live below the poverty line -
most of them in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Financial
inclusion is a major issue, as more than three-quarters of the
numbers of poor and disadvantaged women and men do not have access
to financial products and services, such as bank accounts,
affordable and suitable loans, and insurance. The key objective of
this book is to provide practical case studies of financial
inclusion, rather than focus on academic debates such as the
ideological basis of promoting microfinance. Using the recently
adopted Sustainable Development Goals as an overall framing of the
issues, it shows how poor and disadvantaged women and men can be
bankable if the right facilitation for maximizing opportunities and
addressing constraints are in place. Case studies confirm that
achieving inclusive and sustainable access to financial products
and services goes beyond simply enabling poor and disadvantaged
women and men to have access to credit, or the ability to open a
bank account. Examples from Africa, Asia and Latin America
demonstrate encouraging progress in making microcredit accessible
to millions of poor people. The foremost challenge, however, has
been to ensure that they have access to, and usage intensity of,
suitable and affordable financial products and services that meet
the needs of their livelihoods as well as risks and mitigation
strategies. This requires understanding that poor and disadvantaged
women and men do not exist in isolation from complex and
interdependent functions in the financial system, which includes a
number of actors, diversified services, constraints (not just
symptoms) and capacities and incentives. Overall, the book provides
a rich source of examples of how building inclusive financial
systems can empower the world's poor - by increasing income and
employment opportunities, securing livelihoods and reducing
poverty.
Marine and coastal resources provide millions of people with their
livelihoods, such as fishing and tourism, and a range of critical
additional 'ecosystem services', from biodiversity and culture to
carbon storage and flood protection. Yet across the world, these
resources are fast-diminishing under the weight of pollution, land
clearance, coastal development, overfishing, natural disasters and
climate change. This book shows how economic instruments can be
used to incentivize the conservation of marine and coastal
resources. It is shown that traditional approaches to halt the
decline focus on regulating against destructive practices, but to
little effect. A more successful strategy could be to establish
schemes such as payments for ecosystem services (PES), or
incorporate an element of financial incentives into existing
regulatory mechanisms. Examples, both terrestrial and marine, from
across the world suggest that PES can work to protect both
livelihoods and environments. But to succeed, it is shown that
these schemes must be underpinned by robust research, clear
property rights, sound governance structures, equitable benefit
sharing, and sustainable finance. Case studies are included from
south and east Asia, Latin America, Africa and Australia. The book
explores the prospects and challenges, and draws lessons from PES
and PES-like programmes from across the globe.
More than one billion people still live below the poverty line -
most of them in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Financial
inclusion is a major issue, as more than three-quarters of the
numbers of poor and disadvantaged women and men do not have access
to financial products and services, such as bank accounts,
affordable and suitable loans, and insurance. The key objective of
this book is to provide practical case studies of financial
inclusion, rather than focus on academic debates such as the
ideological basis of promoting microfinance. Using the recently
adopted Sustainable Development Goals as an overall framing of the
issues, it shows how poor and disadvantaged women and men can be
bankable if the right facilitation for maximizing opportunities and
addressing constraints are in place. Case studies confirm that
achieving inclusive and sustainable access to financial products
and services goes beyond simply enabling poor and disadvantaged
women and men to have access to credit, or the ability to open a
bank account. Examples from Africa, Asia and Latin America
demonstrate encouraging progress in making microcredit accessible
to millions of poor people. The foremost challenge, however, has
been to ensure that they have access to, and usage intensity of,
suitable and affordable financial products and services that meet
the needs of their livelihoods as well as risks and mitigation
strategies. This requires understanding that poor and disadvantaged
women and men do not exist in isolation from complex and
interdependent functions in the financial system, which includes a
number of actors, diversified services, constraints (not just
symptoms) and capacities and incentives. Overall, the book provides
a rich source of examples of how building inclusive financial
systems can empower the world's poor - by increasing income and
employment opportunities, securing livelihoods and reducing
poverty.
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