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Can a Baby Be an Enemy? Our world is in a deep, prolonged crisis.
The threat of global nuclear war, the chronic condition of local
wars, the imperilled environment, and mass star vation are among
the major forms this crisis takes. The dangers of massive overkill,
overexploitation of the environment, and overpopulation are well
known, but surprisingly little has been said about their potential
interac tions, their bearing upon each other. If there were to be a
nuclear confronta tion between today's superpowers, it might not
take place in today's world, but in a far less friendly habitat,
such as the world may be some decades hence. And it need hardly be
added that the era of this particular super power configuration may
be waning rapidly, its place to be taken by other international
arrangements not necessarily less threatening. To understand and
cope with our situation we need correspondingly serious reflection.
This volume forms a welcome part of that process. Un avoidably, a
large part of our thinking about the issues of human survival must
be oriented to physical and biological aspects of the total danger.
But it has not escaped the authors of this book that, coupled with
these aspects, there are profound psychological dangers, such as
loss of the sense of futu rity, moral deterioration, and a
fatalistic decline in the will to struggle to protect our home, the
Earth."
Design is a fundamental creative human activity. This certainly
applies to the design of artefacts, the realisation of which has to
meet many constraints and ever raising criteria. The world in which
we live today, is enormously influenced by the human race. Over the
last century, these artefacts have dramatically changed the living
conditions of humans. The present wealth in very large parts of the
world, depends on it. All the ideas for better and new artefacts
brought forward by humans have gone through the minds of designers,
who have turned them into feasible concepts and subsequently
transformed them into realistic product models. The designers have
been, still are, and will remain the leading 'change agents' in the
physical world. Manufacturability of artefacts has always played a
significant role in design. In pre industrial manufacturing, the
blacksmith held the many design and realisation aspects of a
product in one hand. The synthesis of the design and manufacturing
aspects took, almost implicitly, place in the head of the man. All
the knowledge and the skills were stored in one person. Education
and training took place along the line of many years of
apprenticeship. When the production volumes increased, -'assembling
to measure' was no longer tolerated and production efficiency
became essential - design, process planning, production planning
and fabrication became separated concerns. The designers created
their own world, separated from the production world. They argued
that restrictions in the freedom of designing would badly influence
their creativity in design."
This book contains selected contributions from the 6th CIRP
International Seminar on Computer-Aided Tolerancing, which was held
on 22-24 March, 1999, at the University of Twente, Enschede, The
Netherlands. This volume presents the theory and application of
consistent tolerancing. Until recently CADCAM systems did not even
address the issue of tolerances and focused purely on nominal
geometry. Therefore, CAD data was only of limited use for the
downstream processes. The latest generation of CADCAM systems
incorporates functionality for tolerance specification. However,
the lack of consistency in existing tolerancing standards and
everyday tolerancing practice still lead to ill-defined products,
excessive manufacturing costs and unexpected failures. Research and
improvement of education in tolerancing are hot items today. Global
Consistency of Tolerances gives an excellent overview of the recent
developments in the field of Computer-Aided Tolerancing, including
such topics as tolerance specification; tolerance analysis;
tolerance synthesis; tolerance representation; geometric product
specification; functional product analysis; statistical
tolerancing; education of tolerancing; computational metrology;
tolerancing standards; and industrial applications and CAT systems.
This book is well suited to users of new generation CADCAM systems
who want to use the available tolerancing possibilities properly.
It can also be used as a starting point for research activities.
Design is a fundamental creative human activity. This certainly
applies to the design of artefacts, the realisation of which has to
meet many constraints and ever raising criteria. The world in which
we live today, is enormously influenced by the human race. Over the
last century, these artefacts have dramatically changed the living
conditions of humans. The present wealth in very large parts of the
world, depends on it. All the ideas for better and new artefacts
brought forward by humans have gone through the minds of designers,
who have turned them into feasible concepts and subsequently
transformed them into realistic product models. The designers have
been, still are, and will remain the leading 'change agents' in the
physical world. Manufacturability of artefacts has always played a
significant role in design. In pre industrial manufacturing, the
blacksmith held the many design and realisation aspects of a
product in one hand. The synthesis of the design and manufacturing
aspects took, almost implicitly, place in the head of the man. All
the knowledge and the skills were stored in one person. Education
and training took place along the line of many years of
apprenticeship. When the production volumes increased, -'assembling
to measure' was no longer tolerated and production efficiency
became essential - design, process planning, production planning
and fabrication became separated concerns. The designers created
their own world, separated from the production world. They argued
that restrictions in the freedom of designing would badly influence
their creativity in design."
This book contains selected contributions from the 6th CIRP
International Seminar on Computer-Aided Tolerancing, which was held
on 22-24 March, 1999, at the University of Twente, Enschede, The
Netherlands. This volume presents the theory and application of
consistent tolerancing. Until recently CADCAM systems did not even
address the issue of tolerances and focused purely on nominal
geometry. Therefore, CAD data was only of limited use for the
downstream processes. The latest generation of CADCAM systems
incorporates functionality for tolerance specification. However,
the lack of consistency in existing tolerancing standards and
everyday tolerancing practice still lead to ill-defined products,
excessive manufacturing costs and unexpected failures. Research and
improvement of education in tolerancing are hot items today. Global
Consistency of Tolerances gives an excellent overview of the recent
developments in the field of Computer-Aided Tolerancing, including
such topics as tolerance specification; tolerance analysis;
tolerance synthesis; tolerance representation; geometric product
specification; functional product analysis; statistical
tolerancing; education of tolerancing; computational metrology;
tolerancing standards; and industrial applications and CAT systems.
This book is well suited to users of new generation CADCAM systems
who want to use the available tolerancing possibilities properly.
It can also be used as a starting point for research activities.
Can a Baby Be an Enemy? Our world is in a deep, prolonged crisis.
The threat of global nuclear war, the chronic condition of local
wars, the imperilled environment, and mass star vation are among
the major forms this crisis takes. The dangers of massive overkill,
overexploitation of the environment, and overpopulation are well
known, but surprisingly little has been said about their potential
interac tions, their bearing upon each other. If there were to be a
nuclear confronta tion between today's superpowers, it might not
take place in today's world, but in a far less friendly habitat,
such as the world may be some decades hence. And it need hardly be
added that the era of this particular super power configuration may
be waning rapidly, its place to be taken by other international
arrangements not necessarily less threatening. To understand and
cope with our situation we need correspondingly serious reflection.
This volume forms a welcome part of that process. Un avoidably, a
large part of our thinking about the issues of human survival must
be oriented to physical and biological aspects of the total danger.
But it has not escaped the authors of this book that, coupled with
these aspects, there are profound psychological dangers, such as
loss of the sense of futu rity, moral deterioration, and a
fatalistic decline in the will to struggle to protect our home, the
Earth."
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