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The Symposium on Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy was held in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on June 8-10, 1976, as an
activity associated with the Nineteenth Plenary Meeting of the
Committee on Space Research (CaSPAR). The Symposium was sponsored
jointly by CaSPAR, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and
the International Union of Radio Science CURSI). caSPAR is an
interdisciplinary scientific organization, established by the
International Council of Scientific Unions in 1958, to, in the
words of its charter, "provide the world scientific community with
the means whereby it may exploit the possibilities of satellites
and space probes of all kinds for scientific purposes and exchange
the resulting data on a co operative basis." The purpose of this
particular CaSPAR Sympo sium was to present new results in infrared
and submillimeter astronomy obtained by observations on aircraft,
high altitude balloons, rockets, satellites, and space probes.
Topics dis cussed included the Sun, the solar system, galactic and
extra galactic objects as well as the cosmic background radiation.
Instrumentation for observations in infrared and submillimeter
astronomy was also discussed, with particular emphasis on future
programs from space observatories."
This volume contains a series of lectures presented at the 4th
Course of the International School of Astrophysics, held in Erice
(Sicily) from July 9 - July 20, 1977 at the "E. Majorana" Centre
for Scientific Culture. The course was fully supported by a grant
from the NATO Advanced Study Institute Programme. It was attended
by 82 participants from 15 countries. Even though the infrared
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum covers an extensive
interval from the red region of the optical spectrum (10,000 A) to
the microwave radio region (1 mm), its role in astronomy has been
minimal until the last two decades. Until very recently, the only
objects observed were the sun, the moon and the planets. A primary
reason for this late development was the lack of sensitive
detectors and the necessary cryogenic technology that must
accompany their use. Recent progress in this technology has been
paralleled by an ever increasing interest of astronomers in
infrared observations, leading to a number of ex tremely important
results in different branches of astronomy. This becomes evident
when one realizes that in many astrophysical conditions most of the
energy is found to be channeled into the infrared portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum. Stars were detected that yield most of
their radiation in the infrared; these objects present a new view
of stellar evolution, both in the birth and death stages."
The Symposium on Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy was held in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on June 8-10, 1976, as an
activity associated with the Nineteenth Plenary Meeting of the
Committee on Space Research (CaSPAR). The Symposium was sponsored
jointly by CaSPAR, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and
the International Union of Radio Science CURSI). caSPAR is an
interdisciplinary scientific organization, established by the
International Council of Scientific Unions in 1958, to, in the
words of its charter, "provide the world scientific community with
the means whereby it may exploit the possibilities of satellites
and space probes of all kinds for scientific purposes and exchange
the resulting data on a co operative basis." The purpose of this
particular CaSPAR Sympo sium was to present new results in infrared
and submillimeter astronomy obtained by observations on aircraft,
high altitude balloons, rockets, satellites, and space probes.
Topics dis cussed included the Sun, the solar system, galactic and
extra galactic objects as well as the cosmic background radiation.
Instrumentation for observations in infrared and submillimeter
astronomy was also discussed, with particular emphasis on future
programs from space observatories."
This timely collection of articles celebrates the work of Maurice Shapiro, who is internationally distinguished for his contributions to the development of cosmic-ray physics. The papers focus primarily on cosmic-ray physics, X-ray, gamma-ray and neutrino astronomy and cosmology. The scope extends from the inner solar system to distant radio galaxies. Each chapter is written by a leading scientist in the field, including James Van Allen, discoverer of the Van Allen radiation belt and Fred Reines, discoverer of the neutrino.
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