This book sheds new light on the development and use of quantitative models to describe the process of skin permeation. It critically reviews the development of quantitative predictive models of skin absorption and discusses key recommendations for model development. Topics presented include an introduction to skin physiology; the underlying theories of skin absorption; the physical laboratory-based processes used to generate skin absorption data, which is in turn used to construct mathematical models describing the skin permeation process; algorithms of skin permeability including quantitative structure-activity (or permeability) relationships (QSARs or QSPRs); relationships between permeability and molecular properties; the development of formulation-focused approaches to models of skin permeability prediction; the use of artificial membranes, e.g. polydimethylsiloxane as alternatives to mammalian skin; and lastly, the use of novel Machine Learning methods in developing the next generation of predictive skin permeability models. The book will be of interest to all researchers in academia and industry working in pharmaceutical discovery and development, as well as readers from the field of occupational exposure and risk assessment, especially those whose work involves agrochemicals, bulk chemicals and cosmetics.

Handbook of Excipients The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients is internationally recognised as the world's most authoritative source of information on pharmaceutical excipients. It is the definitive comprehensive guide to uses, properties and safety of excipients providing scientists and researchers with a one stop resource when researching an excipient. All of the 400+ monographs are also thoroughly cross-referenced and indexed to allow their identification by chemical, non-proprietary or trade names. Extensive content updates in the new edition include: - Over 420 fully referenced excipient monographs, many including IR, Raman, and NIR spectra - 13 new monographs including several amino acids and hydrated silicon dioxide - 250 existing monographs reviewed - New chapters providing support to the formulator, such as excipient selection for orally inhaled and also injectable formulations. Unique Benefits - The world's authoritative source of information on pharmaceutical excipients - International Scope: Recognized globally as the authority on the uses, properties and safety of excipients. - Written by over 170 expert pharmaceutical scientists - One stop resource when researching an excipient Contents - Biological Effects of Pharmaceutical Excipients - The Selection of Excipients for Injectable Formulations - The Selection of Excipients for Orally Inhaled Dosage Forms - The History of Excipients - The Use of Counterions and Coformers in the Creation of Salt and Co-Crystal forms of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) - Over 420 Monographs benefiting from a standardized, easy-to-use template including: - Pharmacopoeial information from the UK, Europe, Japan and the United States where relevant - non-proprietary names and synonyms - chemical name and structure, CAS Registry number, empirical formula, molecular weight - functional category, applications and incompatibilities - material description and typical excipient properties - safety, stability, storage and handling information - method of drug manufacture - related substances - primary references - editorial comments - author details and revision date

This book sheds new light on the development and use of quantitative models to describe the process of skin permeation. It critically reviews the development of quantitative predictive models of skin absorption and discusses key recommendations for model development. Topics presented include an introduction to skin physiology; the underlying theories of skin absorption; the physical laboratory-based processes used to generate skin absorption data, which is in turn used to construct mathematical models describing the skin permeation process; algorithms of skin permeability including quantitative structure-activity (or permeability) relationships (QSARs or QSPRs); relationships between permeability and molecular properties; the development of formulation-focused approaches to models of skin permeability prediction; the use of artificial membranes, e.g. polydimethylsiloxane as alternatives to mammalian skin; and lastly, the use of novel Machine Learning methods in developing the next generation of predictive skin permeability models. The book will be of interest to all researchers in academia and industry working in pharmaceutical discovery and development, as well as readers from the field of occupational exposure and risk assessment, especially those whose work involves agrochemicals, bulk chemicals and cosmetics.