Set within the context of an era referred to as the age of science as well as the age of ideologies, this volume explores how the Soviet Union responded to the impacts and interactions of both science and ideology between 1917 and 1967. Non-specialists as well as experts are apt to disagree sharply about, or to be ignorant of, the mutual relationship. But even if the system is defunct, the issues remain.This book divides its attention among four different fields of science: cybernetics, economics, philosophy, and sociology. The authors believe that the disciplines discuss revealing trends in Soviet science, in general, and its interaction with an established (though not immutable) ideology, in particular.The authors conducted a pioneering examination of the mutual influence of ideology and science and the problems and opportunities created for government by the new scientific revolution. Specifically, they hold that in the 1960s Soviet science (or at least the disciplines covered here) helped sustain the established system and its ideology rather than weaken them. This volume is of historical interest and provides insight into how one may explore the ways science and ideology interact.

Set within the context of an era referred to as the age of science as well as the age of ideologies, this volume" "explores how the Soviet Union responded to the impacts and interactions of both science and ideology between 1917 and 1967. Non-specialists as well as experts are apt to disagree sharply about, or to be ignorant of, the mutual relationship. But even if the system is defunct, the issues remain. This book divides its attention among four different fields of science: cybernetics, economics, philosophy, and sociology. The authors believe that the disciplines discuss revealing trends in Soviet science, in general, and its interaction with an established (though not immutable) ideology, in particular.

The authors conducted a pioneering examination of the mutual influence of ideology and science and the problems and opportunities created for government by the new scientific revolution. Specifically, they hold that in the 1960s Soviet science (or at least the disciplines covered here) helped sustain the established system and its ideology rather than weaken them. This volume is of historical interest and provides insight into how one may explore the ways science and ideology interact.

First Published in 1980. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor and Francis, an informa company.

First Published in 1980. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Many things make up a modern society: its history, culture, natural setting, wealth, classes, and peoples. For some, the power structure, the political system, lies at the heart of the social order. Russia has long been a "political society" and its future may also be decided in large part by the power structure. A good way to understand Russia and other modern societies is to examine the ties between the "Soviet system" and the rest of the country's life. George Fischer argues that it is these ties that explain much about the consequences of a communist state. The Soviet System, originally published in 1968, presents a provocative challenge to prevailing theories of modernization throughout the world. In this book Fischer takes issue with current assumptions that societies developing an advanced, fully modern economy and culture must inevitably adopt Western-type social and political institutions. The author holds that our understanding of contemporary nations is impeded by assessing them in terms of the prevailing American theory of "pluralism." The notion that a "pluralist" division of labor pervades all of modern society is challenged and tested in the context of the former Soviet Union as a modern society. The emergence of the dual executive, a leader with a special mixture of political and economic know-how, is emphasized as a trend toward a "monist" model of society. Fischer demonstrates how this model, in which all power is public and both industry and culture remain part of a non-capitalist, non-liberal state structure, can prove useful in studying social change today. The result is a book of value to all scholars and students dealing with the social and political systems of both developing and advanced societies long after the Soviet system of rule dissolved.

European integration is focused on improving economic performance and increasing income levels in nations across the European Union. Political leaders and the media often use income trends to measure this progress, with inequality moving more and more to the forefront of these conversations. In this book, contributing authors focus on the economies within the EU, its member countries, and other European countries closely associated with the EU. The book includes an overview of economic and social trends, using long-term processes of European integration as a way to frame the discussions. Georg Fischer, Robert Strauss, and their contributors focus on explaining how policy makers and the media focus on national trends to measure progress among the nations in Europe. They make a specific point to look at the EU as an economic and political entity whose parts are closely interlinked rather than as a conglomerate of individual countries. The contributors consider the commonalities and differences between various institutions and policies, explaining how a decision in one country might impact another. Europe's Income, Wealth, Consumption, and Inequality offers a novel approach to the analysis of social and economic trends, and the resulting book identifies major policy challenges applicable in the EU and beyond.

Die Arbeit wendet sich thematisch dem eherechtlichen Grundproblem des Verhaltnisses von Vertrag und Sakrament zu - ein Jahrtausendthema - fur die Kanonistik und das katholische Kirchenrecht. Die Darstellung befasst sich mit Geschichte und Beschreibung des katholischen Eherechts im Kontext der Verhaltnisbestimmung von Vertrag und Sakrament. Eherechtliche Kontroversen und sakramententheologische Deutungen dienen als Erklarungsmuster, wobei der Schwerpunkt der Betrachtungen im 20. Jahrhundert liegt.

Neuheit! Innovation!! Revolution!!! schreit uns die Werbung an. Innovation! versprechen Politiker die Losung anstehender Probleme. Innovation klingt verheissungsvoll und zeitgemass, irgendwie modern. Das wollen wir doch mal sehen...Nicht Ideen zu zeugen, sie zu nutzen ist Sache der Innovation. Innovation schopft aus dem, was mit Ideen geschaffen wurde. Im Grunde meint Innovation deshalb mehr nicht als den geplanten Diffusionsprozess einer Idee bis zur Anwendung. Sie reklamiert von aller Kreativitat die nutzliche und nutzbringende fur sich, fuhrt verwertbare Ideen dem Markte zu und verweist alle anderen als wertlos ins Reich der Phantasie oder Kunst. Zugleich wird sie vom Markt getrieben, der nur fur Neues noch aufmerkt. Innovation ist darum sowohl Kur als auch Pflicht der Moderne. Hinter ihre zunehmend beschleunigte Erneuerungssucht tritt der Sinn einer Idee zuruck und wir wissen nicht mehr, was und warum wir erneuern.

----------------------------------------- Als ich im Jahre 1984 begann, mich fUr Mikrocomputer zu interessieren, batte ich nie gedacht, dass aus diesem Hobby einmal ein wesentlicher Bestandteil meines Berufes werden sollte. Heute blicke ich auf spannende Jahre zuruck, in denen ich mit dem IBM-PC und dem Atari Erfahrungen gesammelt habe. Bereits nach kurzer Zeit wuchs meine Vorliebe zum IBM-PC, da fUr ibn auf dem Markt das grossere Software-Angebot zu find en ist. Ich begann, einfachere Programme in Basic zu schreiben, weil MS-DOS von Anfang an mit einem BASIC-Interpreter ausgeliefert wurde. Doch nach der ersten Faszination entdeckte ich schnell, daB es sehr aufwendig ist, Systemprogramme in Basic zu schreiben, da es nur wenig fest eingebaute Funktionen dafUr gibt. Ausserdem sind im Befehlsumfang von GW-Basic (oder BASICA) keine Befehle enthalten, die den direkten Aufruf von Interruptroutinen erlauben. Diese zwei Nachteile fUhrten schliesslich dazu, daB ich mich fUr Turbopascal interessierte und begann, einige mathematische Probleme sowie DOS-Utilities zu programmieren.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.