The analysis, development, and/or operation of high temperature processes that involve the production of ferrous and nonferrous metals, alloys, and refractory and ceramic materials are covered in the book. The innovative methods for achieving impurity segregation and removal, by-product recovery, waste minimization, and/or energy efficiency are also involved. Eight themes are presented: 1: High Efficiency New Metallurgical Process and Technology 2: Fundamental Research of Metallurgical Process 3: Alloys and Materials Preparation 4: Direct Reduction and Smelting Reduction 5: Coking, New Energy and Environment 6: Utilization of Solid Slag/Wastes and Complex Ores 7: Characterization of High Temperature Metallurgical Process

No pyrometallurgical smelter can operate without some form of tapping system. It is the one thing all smelters have in common. This collection discusses this meeting point of the science, technology, and skill involved in this process. The tap-hole design process includes a set of design criteria, which need to be revised as the results of laboratory, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and time-and-motion studies become available. The tap-hole life cycle is considered in this volume, with authors addressing the requirements for installation and operability as well as for maintenance. Matters such as online monitoring of the tap-hole wear, handling of liquid products, and extraction of fumes are all discussed. Although much has been done to make the tapping process as automatic as possible, tapping of smelters cannot be done without labor. Tap floor operators work in harsh environments where safety is of utmost importance. Selection of suitable personnel and intensive training is required and is discussed in this collection.

The technology, operation, energy, environmental, analysis, and future development of the metallurgical industries utilizing high temperature processes are covered in the book. The innovations on the extraction and production of ferrous and nonferrous metals, alloys, and refractory and ceramic materials, the heating approaches and energy management, and the treatment and utilizations of the wastes and by-products are the topics of special interests. This book focuses on the following issues: *High Efficiency New Metallurgical Process and Technology Fundamental Research of Metallurgical Process *Alloys and Materials Preparation *Direct Reduction and Smelting Reduction *Coking, New Energy and Environment *Utilization of Solid Slag/Wastes and Complex Ores *Characterization of High Temperature Metallurgical Process