Gerd Althoffs new book collects fifteen of his more recent contributions, most of them previously published in German, which elucidate the functioning of prestate societies. Examples from the Frankish and later German realm (800-1200) are used to clarify how rules and political rituals governed behavior in the power games between kings, churchmen and nobles. Such rules (Spielregeln) and rituals guided public and private behavior despite the fact that they existed only as unwritten customs. The long-overlooked significance of this way of establishing order has sparked a vivid and controversial international discussion in the last decades which continues today.

Medieval Concepts of the Past shows how the history of the Middle Ages is being reshaped by leading medieval historians in Germany and the United States in light of cultural and social-scientific investigations into ritual, language, and memory. These two national traditions of medieval scholarship, which have been largely separated over the course of the twentieth century, are drawing closer together through a common interest in issues of social science and linguistic theory as applied to the representation of the past. This book marks a significant step in the reconvergence of these two historiographical traditions.

Political life in the middle ages was influenced heavily by the bonds people had to one another. Among these, the bonds of kinship, friendship and lordship were by far the most important. Ritual was also often used to create and strengthen these bonds, and conduct and behaviour within social groups was shaped by unwritten rules. People bound in these ways had a right to expect help and support from one another. Such bonds were both a fact and a necessity of life in the middle ages. Over time, however, these bonds and relationships changed, as did the rules and norms which governed them. The aim of this book is to document and describe the history of these crucial bonds, and the ways in which they shaped political life in Europe in the early and high middle ages.

Political life in the middle ages was influenced heavily by the bonds people had to one another. Among these, the bonds of kinship, friendship and lordship were by far the most important. Ritual was also often used to create and strengthen these bonds, and conduct and behaviour within social groups was shaped by unwritten rules. People bound in these ways had a right to expect help and support from one another. Such bonds were both a fact and a necessity of life in the middle ages. Over time, however, these bonds and relationships changed, as did the rules and norms which governed them. The aim of this book is to document and describe the history of these crucial bonds, and the ways in which they shaped political life in Europe in the early and high middle ages.

Medieval Concepts of the Past shows how the history of the Middle Ages is being reshaped by leading medieval historians in Germany and the United States in light of cultural and social-scientific investigations into ritual, language, and memory. These two national traditions of medieval scholarship, which have been largely separated over the course of the twentieth century, are drawing closer together through a common interest in issues of social science and linguistic theory as applied to the representation of the past. This book marks a significant step in the reconvergence of these two historiographical traditions.

English summary: For a long time, the 10th century and the Ottonian dynasty have occupied a central role in German historiography, marking the beginning and early flourishing of German history. Since the nationalistic approach has lost in significance, new research increasingly exposes the character of Ottonian rule as "sovereignty without nation." Ottonian rule was not characterized by authorities, administration, or written records, but by oral communication and decision-making, rituals of ruler representation, and quasi-liturgical demonstration of their divine right. This volume presents the new research in a chronological account of Ottonian history. German description: Professor Dr. Gerd Althoff lehrt an der Universitat Munster. Das 10. Jahrhundert unter der Konigsherrschaft der Ottonen hat im Geschichtsbewusstsein der Deutschen lange Zeit einen besonderen Platz eingenommen. Sie galten als Anfang und zugleich als ein fruher Hohepunkt der Geschichte der Deutschen. Seitdem die nationale Perspektive in den Hintergrund getreten ist, erschliesst die Forschung die Eigenart ottonischen Konigtums zunehmend als 'Herrschaft ohne Staat'. Nicht Amter, Verwaltung und Schriftlichkeit bestimmten die Herrschaftspraxis der Konige im 10. Jahrhundert, sondern mundliche Verfahren der Konsensstiftung und Willensbildung, rituelle Akte der Herrschaftsreprasentation und paraliturgische Demonstrationen ihres Gottesgnadentums. Dieses Buch macht die neuen Forschungsperspektiven in einer chronologisch aufgebauten Darstellung der ottonischen Geschichte sichtbar.

Otto III (980-1002) was one of the most powerful rulers in Europe in the late tenth century. He is also one of the most enigmatic. The son of the German emperor Otto II and the Greek princess Theophanu, he came to the throne at the age of three and was only twenty-one years old at the time of his death. Nonetheless, his reign had a lasting impact on both Germany and Italy for generations. In this book, Gerd Althoff provides a much-needed biography of this fascinating figure. In the process, he uses Otto's life to explain how in practice early medieval kingship worked.

At the heart of Otto's short career lay three expeditions to Italy and his efforts to solidify a German Reich that controlled the territory on both sides of the Alps. Most writers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries understood Otto, for good or ill, as an idealist and an individualist. Althoff's great contribution is to make sense of Otto III against the backdrop of his own time, depicting Otto as a ruler challenged and limited both by his ancestry and by the political customs of his time.

Publication of Otto III marks an impressive debut in English for one of Germany's leading medieval historians. Throughout his career, Althoff has been especially interested in conflicts between kings and aristocrats as a means of understanding the fluid exercise of power. What emerges in this book is a tantalizing picture of rule by symbolic act and word, by consensus of the nobles, by behind-the-scenes negotiations, and through public rituals to cement agreements. The final result is a vivid portrait of a medieval monarchy that is neither absolute nor based on long-term policies. Instead we see a ruler who is truly a productof his civilization.