In an international political economy characterised both by constancy and change, this study, first published in 1996, links together one seemingly incongruous continuity in international trade relations with an increasingly dramatic development in the economies of industrial countries. On the one hand, industrialised countries have become progressively dependent upon one another. On the other hand, the liberal international trade regime has yet to falter. These two points are tied together by seeking to explain the maintenance of liberal trade relations in terms of the mutual economic dependence of industrial countries. In particular, the study examines what may be a fundamental constraint on trade protectionism today: the reliance of industrialised countries on external trade relations, and especially on markets within the industrial world.

In an international political economy characterised both by constancy and change, this study, first published in 1996, links together one seemingly incongruous continuity in international trade relations with an increasingly dramatic development in the economies of industrial countries. On the one hand, industrialised countries have become progressively dependent upon one another. On the other hand, the liberal international trade regime has yet to falter. These two points are tied together by seeking to explain the maintenance of liberal trade relations in terms of the mutual economic dependence of industrial countries. In particular, the study examines what may be a fundamental constraint on trade protectionism today: the reliance of industrialised countries on external trade relations, and especially on markets within the industrial world.

Embrace the dark and conquer landscape photography at night!In the past, landscape photography largely ended when the last light of dusk faded from the sky. Today it's only beginning. The latest digital cameras have made it much easier to create images of the landscape at night that film and early digital photographers could only dream of. Equipped with off-the-shelf cameras, more and more photographers are venturing into the night, far beyond the comforting glow of city lights, and returning with spectacular images of places both familiar and unknown that are unlike anything seen before.Dusk to Dawn: A Guide to Landscape Photography at Night, 2nd Edition, is your guide to this new photographic world. In it, photographer Glenn Randall--author of the bestselling The Art, Science, and Craft of Great Landscape Photography--teaches you how to plan, shoot, and process professional-quality images of the Milky Way, the aurora, lunar eclipses, meteor showers, comets, star trails, and landscapes lit solely by moonlight.In this fully revised and updated second edition, Randall goes deeper into today's technology that allows for great landscape photography at night: from mirrorless cameras that now truly dominate the market (and require a different approach to focusing) to the apps photographers need to know to best prepare for a successful shoot (Photo Pills, Photo Ephemeris Web). This edition has been also updated with dozens of new photographs from the author, as well as a new section on photographing comets.Throughout the book, Randall emphasizes ways to integrate beautiful depictions of the night sky with equally compelling renditions of the land below it to create complete landscape images that evoke a sense of place--and a sense of wonder. Equipped with the knowledge in this book, readers will be able to create their own nocturnal masterpieces.TABLE OF CONTENTSIntroductionChapter 1: Preparing for Night PhotographyChapter 2: Tools for Night PhotographyChapter 3: Essential Skills for Night PhotographyChapter 4: Planning a Milky Way ShootChapter 5: Shooting the Milky WayChapter 6: Processing Night LandscapesChapter 7: Advanced Techniques for Night LandscapesChapter 8: Photographing Star TrailsChapter 9: Shooting the AuroraChapter 10: Photographing Meteor Showers and CometsChapter 11: Photographing Lunar EclipsesChapter 12: Photographing Moonlit LandscapesIndex

The Art, Science, and Craft of Great Landscape Photography, 2nd Edition teaches photographers how to convert their visual peak experiences--moments of extraordinary natural beauty that evoke a sense of wonder and awe--into stunning images that elicit the same awestruck emotion in their viewers. Author Glenn Randall is an experienced wilderness photographer, and whether you want to venture into the mountains for once-in-a-lifetime shots of raw nature, or simply hone your landscape photography skills from the safety of your back deck, Randall explains the art, science and craft behind creating stunning landscape photographs. This fully updated edition of the best-selling first edition includes nearly all new imagery throughout the book, as well as a new first chapter, "Photographic Essentials," to help beginners to landscape photography get up to speed quickly. Additionally, this second edition takes into account how Randall's techniques have changed and evolved since the first edition published--from photographic practices to how he uses smart phones and apps as important and powerful tools for landscape photography. After discussing photographic essentials, Randall focuses on the art of landscape photography. He describes his three-step process for composing a photograph and shows how good composition is an organic process that begins with rules but ultimately transcends them. Randall then explores the science behind successful landscape photographs, which requires understanding key concepts from geography, optics, vision, and psychology. These concepts include: - How the position of the sun at sunrise and sunset varies throughout the year. This will help you plan when and where to shoot. - Using optics to predict where rainbows will appear, how polarizers will interact with reflections, and where to find spectacular light. - How to use topographic maps and computerized mapping tools to help you find promising shooting locations in the wilderness. - Calculating exposures, achieving correct exposure in high-contrast lighting situations, and the best digital darkroom techniques. With some practice and by applying the techniques that Randall teaches you, you will soon be ready to master the finer nuances of creating magnificent landscape photographs. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1: Photographic Essentials Chapter 2: Landscape Photography Looks So Easy Chapter 3: In Search of Extraordinary Landscapes Chapter 4: Visualization Chapter 5: The Art and Science of Light Chapter 6: The Art and Science of Composing Compelling Images Chapter 7: The Perfect Exposure Chapter 8: Digital Capture and Processing of High-Contrast Scenes Chapter 9: Take a Walk on the Wide Side Chapter 10: The Landscape at Night Chapter 11: The Psychology of the Compelling Landscape Index

In Dusk to Dawn: A Guide to Landscape Photography at Night, photographer Glenn Randall teaches you how to plan, shoot, and process professional-quality images of the night sky and more. In the past, landscape photography largely ended when the last light of dusk faded from the sky. Today it's only beginning. The latest digital cameras have made it easy to create images of the landscape at night that film and early digital photographers could only dream of. Equipped with off-the-shelf cameras, more and more photographers are venturing into the night, far beyond the comforting glow of city lights, and returning with spectacular images of places both familiar and unknown that are unlike anything seen before. Dusk to Dawn: A Guide to Landscape Photography at Night is your guide to this new photographic world. In it, photographer Glenn Randall--author of the bestselling The Art, Science, and Craft of Great Landscape Photography--teaches you how to plan, shoot, and process professional-quality images of the Milky Way, the aurora, lunar eclipses, meteor showers, star trails, and landscapes lit solely by moonlight. Throughout the book, Randall emphasizes ways to integrate beautiful depictions of the night sky with equally compelling renditions of the land below to create complete landscape images that evoke a sense of place--and a sense of wonder. Equipped with the knowledge in this book, readers will be prepared to create their own nocturnal masterpieces.