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Derivation or Representation? Hubert Haider & Klaus Netter 1
The Issue Derivation and Representation - these keywords refer both
to a conceptual as well as to an empirical issue. Transformational
grammar was in its outset (Chomsky 1957, 1975) a derivational
theory which characterized a well-formed sentence by its
derivation, i.e. a set of syntactic representations defined by a
set of rules that map one representation into another. The set of
mapping rules, the transformations, eventually became more and more
abstract and were trivialized into a single one, namely "move a," a
general movement-rule. The constraints on movement were singled out
in systems of principles that ap ply to the resulting
representations, i.e. the configurations containing a moved element
and its extraction site, the trace. The introduction of
trace-theory (d. Chomsky 1977, ch.3 17, ch. 4) in principle opened
up the possibility of com pletely abandoning movement and
generating the possible outputs of movement directly, i.e. as
structures that contain gaps representing the extraction sites."
o. COMPARATIVE GERMANIC SYNTAX This volume contains 13 papers that
were prepared for the Seventh Workshop on Comparative Germanie
Syntax at the University of Stuttgart in November 1991. In defining
the theme both of the workshop and of this volume, we have taken
"comparative" in "comparative Germanic syntax" to mean that at
least two languages should be analyzed and "Germanic" to mean that
at least one of these languages should be Germanic. There was no
require ment as such that the research presented should be situated
within the framework known as Principles and Parameters Theory
(previously known as Government and Binding Theory), though it
probably is no accident that this nevertheless turned out to be the
case. Within this theory, it is seen as highly desirable to be able
to account for several differences on the surface by deriving them
from fewer under lying differences. The reason is that, in order to
explain the ease with which children acquire language, it is
assumed that not all knowledge of any given language is the result
of learning, but that instead children already possess part of this
knowledge at birth (the innate part of linguistic knowledge will
obviously be the same for all human beings, and thus this theory
also provides an explanation of language universals). The fewer
"real" (i.e."
o. COMPARATIVE GERMANIC SYNTAX This volume contains 13 papers that
were prepared for the Seventh Workshop on Comparative Germanie
Syntax at the University of Stuttgart in November 1991. In defining
the theme both of the workshop and of this volume, we have taken
"comparative" in "comparative Germanic syntax" to mean that at
least two languages should be analyzed and "Germanic" to mean that
at least one of these languages should be Germanic. There was no
require ment as such that the research presented should be situated
within the framework known as Principles and Parameters Theory
(previously known as Government and Binding Theory), though it
probably is no accident that this nevertheless turned out to be the
case. Within this theory, it is seen as highly desirable to be able
to account for several differences on the surface by deriving them
from fewer under lying differences. The reason is that, in order to
explain the ease with which children acquire language, it is
assumed that not all knowledge of any given language is the result
of learning, but that instead children already possess part of this
knowledge at birth (the innate part of linguistic knowledge will
obviously be the same for all human beings, and thus this theory
also provides an explanation of language universals). The fewer
"real" (i.e."
Derivation or Representation? Hubert Haider & Klaus Netter 1
The Issue Derivation and Representation - these keywords refer both
to a conceptual as well as to an empirical issue. Transformational
grammar was in its outset (Chomsky 1957, 1975) a derivational
theory which characterized a well-formed sentence by its
derivation, i.e. a set of syntactic representations defined by a
set of rules that map one representation into another. The set of
mapping rules, the transformations, eventually became more and more
abstract and were trivialized into a single one, namely "move a," a
general movement-rule. The constraints on movement were singled out
in systems of principles that ap ply to the resulting
representations, i.e. the configurations containing a moved element
and its extraction site, the trace. The introduction of
trace-theory (d. Chomsky 1977, ch.3 17, ch. 4) in principle opened
up the possibility of com pletely abandoning movement and
generating the possible outputs of movement directly, i.e. as
structures that contain gaps representing the extraction sites."
In this volume, the contributing authors from top labs involved in
stem cell theranostics share the latest advances in the field of
stem cell research. The book covers many aspects of stem cell-based
therapy and the progress made toward stem cell therapy for liver,
ocular, and cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer. This volume
serves as a continuation of Prof. Khawaja Husnain Haider's
previously edited books pertaining to stem cells-based
therapnostics. This is an ideal book for researchers involved in
drug development as well as regenerative medicine and stem
cell-based therapy. The secondary audience includes graduate and
postgraduate medical students, doctors, cellular pharmacology, drug
industry, and researchers involved in using stem cells as ex-vivo
disease models for drug development.
Today's headlines report cities going bankrupt, states running
large deficits, and nations stuck in high debt and stagnation.
Philip Kotler argues that thousands of "places" - cities, states,
and nations - are in crisis, and can no longer rely on national
industrial policies, such as federal matching funds, as a promise
of jobs and protection. The authors show that places must, like any
market-driven business, become attractive "products" by improving
their industrial base and communicating their special qualities
more effectively to their target markets. From studies of cities
and nations throughout the world, Kotler offer a systematic
analysis of why so many places have fallen on hard times, and make
recommendations on what can be done to revitalize a place's
economy. He shows how "place wars" - battles for Japanese
factories, government projects, Olympic Games, baseball team
franchises, convention business, and other economic prizes - are
often misguided and end in wasted money and effort.The hidden key
to vigorous economic development, the author argues, is strategic
marketing of places by rebuilding infrastructure, creating a
skilled labour force, stimulating local business entrepreneurship
and expansion, developing strong public/private partnerships,
identifying and attracting "place compatible" companies and
industries, creating distinctive local attractions, building a
service-friendly culture, and promoting these advantages
effectively. Strategic marketing of places requires a deep
understanding of how "place buyers" - tourists, new residents,
factories, corporate headquarters, investors - make their place
decisions. With this understanding, "place sellers" - economic
development agencies, tourist promotion agencies, mayor's offices -
can take the necessary steps to compete aggressively for place
buyers.
In this volume, the contributing authors from top labs involved in
stem cell theranostics share the latest advances in the field of
stem cell research. The book covers many aspects of stem cell-based
therapy and the progress made toward stem cell therapy for liver,
ocular, and cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer. This volume
serves as a continuation of Prof. Khawaja Husnain Haider's
previously edited books pertaining to stem cells-based
therapnostics. This is an ideal book for researchers involved in
drug development as well as regenerative medicine and stem
cell-based therapy. The secondary audience includes graduate and
postgraduate medical students, doctors, cellular pharmacology, drug
industry, and researchers involved in using stem cells as ex-vivo
disease models for drug development.
 In diesem Band berichten die Autoren aus führenden Labors,
die sich mit Stammzelltheranostik beschäftigen, über die neuesten
Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Stammzellforschung. Das Buch
befasst sich mit vielen Aspekten der stammzellbasierten Therapie
und den Fortschritten in der Stammzelltherapie bei Leber-, Augen-
und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen sowie bei Krebs. Dieser Band ist
eine Fortsetzung der von Prof. Khawaja Husnain Haider bereits
herausgegebenen Bücher zur stammzellbasierten Therapienostik. Es
ist ein ideales Buch für Forscher, die sich mit der Entwicklung
von Arzneimitteln sowie mit regenerativer Medizin und
stammzellbasierter Therapie beschäftigen. Die sekundäre
Zielgruppe umfasst Medizinstudenten, Ärzte, Zellpharmakologen, die
Arzneimittelindustrie und Forscher, die Stammzellen als
Ex-vivo-Krankheitsmodelle für die Arzneimittelentwicklung
verwenden.Â
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