Authoritative reference on the state of the art in the field with additional coverage of important foundational concepts Advances in Electromagnetics Empowered by Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning presents cutting-edge research advances in the rapidly growing areas in optical and RF electromagnetic device modeling, simulation, and inverse-design. The text provides a comprehensive treatment of the field on subjects ranging from fundamental theoretical principles and new technological developments to state-of-the-art device design, as well as examples encompassing a wide range of related sub-areas. The content of the book covers all-dielectric and metallodielectric optical metasurface deep learning-accelerated inverse-design, deep neural networks for inverse scattering, applications of deep learning for advanced antenna design, and other related topics. To aid in reader comprehension, each chapter contains 10-15 illustrations, including prototype photos, line graphs, and electric field plots. Contributed to by leading research groups in the field, sample topics covered in Advances in Electromagnetics Empowered by Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning include: Optical and photonic design, including generative machine learning for photonic design and inverse design of electromagnetic systems RF and antenna design, including artificial neural networks for parametric electromagnetic modeling and optimization and analysis of uniform and non-uniform antenna arrays Inverse scattering, target classification, and other applications, including deep learning for high contrast inverse scattering of electrically large structures Advances in Electromagnetics Empowered by Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning is a must-have resource on the topic for university faculty, graduate students, and engineers within the fields of electromagnetics, wireless communications, antenna/RF design, and photonics, as well as researchers at large defense contractors and government laboratories.

Since Barry Stroud's classic paper in 1968, the general discussion on transcendental arguments tends to focus on examples from theoretical philosophy. It also tends to be pessimistic, or at least extremely reluctant, about the potential of this kind of arguments. Nevertheless, transcendental reasoning continues to play a prominent role in some recent approaches to moral philosophy. Moreover, some authors argue that transcendental arguments may be more promising in moral philosophy than they are in theoretical contexts. Against this background, the current volume focuses on transcendental arguments in practical philosophy. Experts from different countries and branches of philosophy share their views about whether there are actually differences between "theoretical" and "practical" uses of transcendental arguments. They examine and compare different versions of transcendental arguments in moral philosophy, explain their structure, and assess their respective problems and promises. This book offers all those interested in ethics, meta-ethics, or epistemology a more comprehensive understanding of transcendental arguments. It also provides them with new insights into uses of transcendental reasoning in moral philosophy.

Transformation electromagnetics is a systematic design technique for optical and electromagnetic devices that enables novel wave-material interaction properties. The associated metamaterials technology for designing and realizing optical and electromagnetic devices can control the behavior of light and electromagnetic waves in ways that have not been conventionally possible. The technique is credited with numerous novel device designs, most notably the invisibility cloaks, perfect lenses and a host of other remarkable devices. Transformation Electromagnetics and Metamaterials: Fundamental Principles and Applications presents a comprehensive treatment of the rapidly growing area of transformation electromagnetics and related metamaterial technology with contributions on the subject provided by a collection of leading experts from around the world. On the theoretical side, the following questions will be addressed: "Where does transformation electromagnetics come from?," "What are the general material properties for different classes of coordinate transformations?," "What are the limitations and challenges of device realizations?," and "What theoretical tools are available to make the coordinate transformation-based designs more amenable to fabrication using currently available techniques?" The comprehensive theoretical treatment will be complemented by device designs and/or realizations in various frequency regimes and applications including acoustic, radio frequency, terahertz, infrared, and the visible spectrum. The applications encompass invisibility cloaks, gradient-index lenses in the microwave and optical regimes, negative-index superlenses for sub-wavelength resolution focusing, flat lenses that produce highly collimated beams from an embedded antenna or optical source, beam concentrators, polarization rotators and splitters, perfect electromagnetic absorbers, and many others. This book will serve as the authoritative reference for students and researchers alike to the fast-evolving and exciting research area of transformation electromagnetics/optics, its application to the design of revolutionary new devices, and their associated metamaterial realizations.

This book presents cutting-edge research advances in the rapidly growing areas of nanoantennas and plasmonics as well as their related enabling technologies and applications. It provides a comprehensive treatment of the field on subjects ranging from fundamental theoretical principles and new technological developments, to state-of-the-art device design, as well as examples encompassing a wide range of related sub-areas. The content of the book also covers highly-directive nanoantennas, all-dielectric and tuneable/reconfigurable devices, metasurface optical components, and other related topics. Intended to provide valuable information for researchers and graduate students in electromagnetics, antennas and propagation, coverage includes the following topics: optical properties of plasmonic nanoloop antennas; passive and active nano cylinders; coherent control of light scattering; time domain modeling with the generalized dispersive material model; inverse-design of plasmonic and dielectric optical nanoantennas; multi-level atomic systems for modeling nonlinear light-matter interactions; nonlinear multipolar interference: from non-reciprocal directionality to one-way nonlinear mirrors; plasmonic metasurfaces for controlling harmonic generations; optical nanoantennas for enhanced THz emission; active photonics based on phase-change materials and reconfigurable nanowire systems; and nanofabrication techniques for subwavelength optics.

Although it is one of the oldest sectors of electronics and now somewhat taken for granted, radio frequency transmission literally changed our world. Today, it is still the backbone of myriad applications, from broadcasting to electronic counter-measures. The wide variety of hardware in use means that those working in the field must be familiar with a multitude of principles and applications, but finding an up-to-date, comprehensive source for this background material has been difficult, if not impossible.

The RF Transmission Systems Handbook addresses the underlying concepts, operation, and maintenance of high-power RF devices, transmission lines, and antennas for broadcast, scientific, and industrial use. Focusing on devices and systems that produce more than one kilowatt of output power, the handbook explores the following major topics:

Applications: The common uses of radio frequency energy
Fundamental principles: The basic technologies, concepts, and techniques used in RF transmission
Power vacuum devices: The principles and applications of gridded vacuum tubes and microwave power devices
Solid-state power devices: The operating parameters of semiconductor-based power devices
RF components and transmission lines: The operation of hardware used to combine and conduct RF power
Antenna systems: The different types of antennas and their basic operating parameters
Troubleshooting: Basic troubleshooting techniques and the operation of important test instruments

Contrary to the perceptions of many, RF technology remains a dynamic field that continues to advance to higher power levels and higher frequencies. Those who specify, install, and maintain RF equipment will welcome this reference that uniquely serves their needs.

Transformation electromagnetics is a systematic design technique for optical and electromagnetic devices that enables novel wave-material interaction properties. The associated metamaterials technology for designing and realizing optical and electromagnetic devices can control the behavior of light and electromagnetic waves in ways that have not been conventionally possible. The technique is credited with numerous novel device designs, most notably the invisibility cloaks, perfect lenses and a host of other remarkable devices. Transformation Electromagnetics and Metamaterials: Fundamental Principles and Applications presents a comprehensive treatment of the rapidly growing area of transformation electromagnetics and related metamaterial technology with contributions on the subject provided by a collection of leading experts from around the world. On the theoretical side, the following questions will be addressed: "Where does transformation electromagnetics come from?," "What are the general material properties for different classes of coordinate transformations?," "What are the limitations and challenges of device realizations?," and "What theoretical tools are available to make the coordinate transformation-based designs more amenable to fabrication using currently available techniques?" The comprehensive theoretical treatment will be complemented by device designs and/or realizations in various frequency regimes and applications including acoustic, radio frequency, terahertz, infrared, and the visible spectrum. The applications encompass invisibility cloaks, gradient-index lenses in the microwave and optical regimes, negative-index superlenses for sub-wavelength resolution focusing, flat lenses that produce highly collimated beams from an embedded antenna or optical source, beam concentrators, polarization rotators and splitters, perfect electromagnetic absorbers, and many others. This book will serve as the authoritative reference for students and researchers alike to the fast-evolving and exciting research area of transformation electromagnetics/optics, its application to the design of revolutionary new devices, and their associated metamaterial realizations.

This book contains the papers presented at the international symposium Polycrys- talline Semiconductors - Grain Boundaries and Interfaces (POLYSE '88) that was held in Malente, FRG, from August 29 to September 2, 1988. This conference has two roots: Firstly, it is a successor to a conference on polycrystalline semi- conductors held in Perpignan, France, in 1982 and to a summer school in Erice, Italy, in 1984. Secondly, it continues a series of German workshops on polycrys- talline semiconductors, which have been organized every year since 1983 by two of the present editors (H. P. S. and J. H. W. ) in Stuttgart, FRG. As in these previ- ous workshops, the symposium POLYSE '88 also tried to bridge the gap between fundamental research and technological aspects of polycrystalline semiconductors with emphasis on physical properties. In order to realize this conception, 12 scientists recognized in their fields were invited to give reviews of their respective work. The expert presentations of these scientists complemented by all other contributions, including an ad hoc evening workshop on the chemical analysis of grain boundaries by scanning tunneling microscopy, resulted in a lively and rewarding symposium. We would particularly like to thank the invited speakers for their talks, as well as for undertaking the task of refereeing the submitted papers. These speakers are: L. N. Aleksandrov Y. Ishida P. Pirouz A. Bourret J. D. Joannopoulos H. W. Schock H. Cerva L. L. Kazmerski H. Teichler F. Greuter S. Martinuzzi K. N.

This book contains papers that were presented at the International Conference on Polycrystalline Semiconductors - Grain Boundaries, Dislocations and Het erointerfaces - (POLYSE '90), which was held in Schwabisch Hall, FRG, from July 30 to August 3, 1990. This conference was a satellite conference of the 20th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors. POLYSE '90, like its predecessor POLYSE '88, brought together scientists from research in stitutions and industrial laboratories with a view to bridging the gap between fundamental and technological aspects of polycrystalline semiconductors. With this aim, a total of 14 recognized scientists from universities and in dustry were invited to review their fields of interest. The expert presentations of these scientists were complemented by contributed papers and poster con tributions, the authors of which were additionally allowed four minutes for an oral summary. This combination of different types of presentation led to very lively and stimulating discussions."

Alcohol abuse, alcohol intolerance, alcohol dependence and other alcohol-related disabilities are some of the most challenging public health problems facing our modern-day society. The purpose of this comprehensive monograph is to review the available knowledge concerning the pharmacogenetic basis of alcohol sensitivity and its physiolgical implications and to synthesize the bulk of existing knowledge regarding metabolic features and biomedical disturbances related to alcoholism. The chapters cover a broad array of disciplines including an overview of historical and epidemiological aspects, biochemistry and molecular genetics of enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism, biochemical and neuropsychopharmacological effects of alcohol. Major emphasis is placed on the role of genetic factors in alcoholism. The experimental details are summarized and a comprehensive bibliography is included.

I am pleased to respond to the wish of the Editors, Drs A. Czeizel, H. G. Benk mann and H. W. Goedde and write the Foreword to this book "Genetics ofthe Hun garian population." This book represents the result of a fruitful international scientif ic cooperation, an endeavour that has been forged and sustained in the midst of a number of difficulties. It bears ample testimony to the fact that the pursuit of science transcends national boundaries and barriers and to what can be achieved through international cooperation. It has now become possible, among other things, to present a more meaningful characterization of the different ethnic groups than had been hitherto possible, thanks to the major advances in the study of human biology through the application of a wide variety of concepts and techniques. Several new disciplines, in particular, ecogenetics, pharmacogenetics and molecular biology have come into being and are flourishing. At the risk of stating the obvious, it is perhaps worth mentioning that the trends and place of migration and urbanization that we are witnessing today are such, that, before long, differences between different human gene pools may be substantially diminished, if not entirely obliterated. This book, therefore, is timely: it provides valuable information on who the Hungarians are, where they come from and where they are heading, in short, their past, present and future, in addition to presenting a broad perspective of some aspects of current research in biomedical sciences in Hungary."

The aims of the Sub-Committee on Computerised Braille Production are to seek international co-operation for the development of computerised braille production facilities and to encourage the cost-effective use of technology for braille production. To fulfil these aims the Sub-Committee is endeavouring to: maintain an international directory of people and organisations involved or interested in computerised braille production; collect and disseminate information about current and future computerised braille production systems; hold international meetings. The Sub Committee comprises: 1) Mr. D. W. Croisdale (Chairman) c/o Royal National Institute for the Blind, 224-228 Great Portland Street, London, W1N 6AA, Uni ted Kingdom. 2) Dr. H. Werner, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Institut fur Angewandte Mathematik Wegeierstrasse 6 0-5300 Bonn German Federal Republic. J) Mr. R.A.J. Gildea, Mitre Corporation, Bedford, Massachusetts 017JO, U.S.A. The international directory is maintained by Mr. Gildea and the collection and dissemination of operational information is being planned by Dr. Werner. Previous workshops have been held at Munster (197J) and Kopenhagen (1974) on private initiative, whereas this conference held in London JO May - 1 June 1979 was the first VI of its kind held under the auspices of the Sub-committee. It is hoped to mount other conferences as circumstances demand."

Das vorliegende Buch umfaBt die Vortrage eines Symposiums, das von der Sektion Klinische Geriatrie der Deutschen Gesellschaft fUr Gerontologie im Oktober 1981 in Frankfurt unter dem Thema" Tagesklinische Behandlung im A Iter" ausgerichtet wurde. Diese Form der klinischen Behandlung alter Menschen stellt eine Herausforderung an das herkommliche Konzept der vollstationaren Versorgung im Krankenhaus und in anderen Institutionen dar. Die negativen Auswirkungen der Hospitalisierung und In- stitutionalisierung auf alte Menschen sind bekannt. Das Krankenbett bedeutet haufig Verlust der Eigenstandigkeit, zunehmende Abhangigkeit sowie Verlust familiarer und sozialer Bindungen. Dazu kommt die vollstandige Obertragung der Verantwortlich- keiten fUr den alten Patienten von Angehorigen auf die Institutionen. Die Tagesklinik kann fUr einen bestimmten Patientenkreis die vollstationare Behand- lung abktirzen oder ganz vermeiden und gleichzeitig medizinische Diagnostik und Therapie nach klinischen Gesichtspunkten anbieten. Wir haben aufgrund unserer Er- fahrungen in Frankfurt gelernt, daB der fUr die tagesklinische Behandlung geeignete Patientenkreis wesentlich groBer ist, als wir zu Beginn unserer Arbeit vermutet haben. In unserem Behandlungskonzept steht die Tagesklinik gleichberechtigt neb en der voll- stationaren Behandlung im Krankenhaus und ist keinesfalls ein untergeordnetes An- hangsel. Daruber hinaus mtissen angesichts der standig steigenden Kosten im Krankenhauswe- sen und der demoskopischen Verschiebungen in der Altersstruktur der Bevolkerung al- ternative Wege beschritten werden, urn den in Zukunft noch steigenden Bedarf an ma- teriellem und personellem Aufwand fUr die medizinische Versorgung alter Menschen bewaltigen zu konnen. Die tagesklinische Behandlung ist eine solche Alternative.

Since Barry Stroud's classic paper in 1968, the general discussion on transcendental arguments tends to focus on examples from theoretical philosophy. It also tends to be pessimistic, or at least extremely reluctant, about the potential of this kind of arguments. Nevertheless, transcendental reasoning continues to play a prominent role in some recent approaches to moral philosophy. Moreover, some authors argue that transcendental arguments may be more promising in moral philosophy than they are in theoretical contexts. Against this background, the current volume focuses on transcendental arguments in practical philosophy. Experts from different countries and branches of philosophy share their views about whether there are actually differences between "theoretical" and "practical" uses of transcendental arguments. They examine and compare different versions of transcendental arguments in moral philosophy, explain their structure, and assess their respective problems and promises. This book offers all those interested in ethics, meta-ethics, or epistemology a more comprehensive understanding of transcendental arguments. It also provides them with new insights into uses of transcendental reasoning in moral philosophy.

Die Pseudocholinesterase ist ein auBergewohnliches Enzym, das auf sehr verschiedenartigen Gebieten eine besondere Rolle spielt. Die Aktivitat des Enzyms im Serum wird zur Uberpriifung der Leberfunktion gemessen. Ebenso kann man durch derartige Bestimmungen auf den Grad von Ver giftungen durch Anticholinesterasen schlieBen. Es war das erste Serum Fur Anaesthe enzym, uber dessen genetische Kontrolle berichtet wurde. sisten und Chirurgen hat dieses Enzym besondere Bedeutung, da es Suc cinyldicholin abbaut und dadurch die Moglichkeit gegeben ist, ein aus gezeichnetes Kurzzeit-Muske1relaxans anzuwenden. Auf dem Gebiet der Psychiatrie dient es dazu, die Nebenwirkungen der Elektroschock-Therapie auszuschalten. Die physiologische Funktion steht immer noch zur Diskus sion. Es ist von groBem Interesse, daB die Pseudocholinesterase - im Gehirn, im Darm und in den Nervenendplatten der Muske1n - neben der "echten" Acetylcholinesterase auf tritt, die fur Acetylcholin in hohem MaBe spezifisch ist. Hohe Substratkonzentrationen hemmen dieses Enzym, wo hingegen die Pseudocholinesterase noch bei unphysiologisch hohen Kon zentrationen Acetylcholin umsetzt. Vielleicht ist die Funktion der Pseudo cholinesterase darin zu sehen, daB sie die lebensnotwendige Acetylcholin esterase bei einer unvorhergesehenen Anhaufung von Acetylcholin schutzt. Moglich ist auch, daB sie einen Schutzeffekt fUr die Acetylcholinesterase gegen kompetitive Inhibitoren, wie Z. B. das Succinyldicholin, ausubt."

L'arteriosclerose est fa rouille de fa vie (Bichat) - die Arteriosklerose ist der "Rost des Lebens"; er zeigt sich im Alter durch Erkrankungen der Arterien des Herzens, des Gehirns und der Extremitaten. Weltweit sind Erkrankungen des Herzkreislaufsystems und der Scblaganfall die haufig sten Todesursachen von Menschen jenseits des 65. Lebensjahres. Diese Tatsache zwingt den geriatrisch tatigen Arzt, sich immer wieder aufs neue mit der Problematik der Herz und Kreislauferkrankungen im Alter auseinanderzusetzen. Moderne diagnostische und therapeutische Verfahren der Kardiologie und der Angiolo gie kommen in der Anfangsphase ihres Einsatzes in erster Linie jiingeren Menschen zu gute. Fiir den alten Pa, tienten reichen entweder die vorhandenen Kapazitaten nicht aus, oder das hohere Lebensalter wird oft - willkiirlich und zu Unrecht - als Kontraindika tion fUr diese Methoden angesehen. Vielerorts hat es die Zeit mit sich gebracht, daB steigende Kapazitaten oder bessere flan kierende MaBnahmen (z.B. der Anasthesie) eine Ausdehnung der Indikation auch auf Patienten im hohen Lebensalter moglich machten. Die Erfolge sind oft iiberraschend gut, ja sogar teilweise besser als bei jiingeren Patienten, wie z.B. die Ergebnisse der Chirurgie am offenen Herzen zeigen."

Seit Anfang dieses Jahrhunderts hat sich die Lebenserwartung der Menschen in den In dustrielandern fast verdoppelt. Neben besseren sozialen Bedingungen ist dies vor allem auf den erfolgreichen Kampf der Medizin gegen Infektionskrankheiten und andere aku te Erkrankungen zuriickzufuhren. Ais Ursachen fur Morbiditat und Mortalitat alter Menschen stehen heute chronische und degenerative Veranderungen im Vordergrund. In der Todesursachenstatistik stehen b6sartige Tumoren nach den Herz-Kreislauf Erkrankungen an zweiter Stelle. Mehr als 50% der malignen Tumoren werden in der Gruppe der iiber 65 j ahrigen gefunden, die nur ca. 13 % der Gesamtbev6lkerung bilden. Damit sind b6sartige Tumoren vor allem eine Erkrankung des h6heren Lebensalters. Trotz dieser Tatsache ist die Meinung weit verbreitet, daB bei Auftreten von Tumor erkrankungen im h6heren Lebensalter die Therapieverfahren der modernen Onkologie nicht mehr angewendet werden k6nnen bzw. diirfen. Der Krebs bei alten Menschen wird als schicksalshafte Erkrankung hingenommen, die ein schon lange wahrendes Le ben beendet. Dies kommt nicht zuletzt in vielen Therapiestudien zum Ausdruck, die die Wirksamkeit kurativer oder den Tumor kontrollierender MaBnahmen bei iiber 65jahri gen Patienten gar nicht mehr untersuchen. Dadurch sind auch die Erfahrungen in der Tumortherapie alter Menschen begrenzt."