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This study examines the complicated legacy of Stalinism in the
twentieth century. The descent of the Russian Revolution into
Stalinism has given rise to an oft-accepted truism that revolutions
are like Saturn and will devour their own children. For
anticommunists, Stalinism is condemned as a "bolt from blue,"
whether an insidious contagion, Big Brother, or totalitarian reason
that socialism cannot escape from. On the other end, Communists and
their fellow-travelers have seen Stalinism as a force of historical
necessity and the only way for the working class to reach a
communist society. Both these twin camps accept a Dialectic of
Saturn where Stalinism, whether for evil or good, is the
preordained fate of all socialist revolutions. However, there is
another position that views Stalinism as the product of material
circumstance and class struggle. This position was represented by
Leon Trotsky in his seminal work The Revolution Betrayed. In
contrast to those who accept a mystical dialectic of Saturn,
Trotsky argued that Stalinism can be rationally explained and was
not inevitable outcome of socialism.
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