This volume is a compilation of nine articles, translated from German. They deal with those lexicographic texts or text excerpts which have been formulated in order to convey the meaning of a lexical unit to a potential dictionary user who is not familiar with that meaning. The articles not only critically analyze lexicographic practice, in particular the so-called lexicographic definitions and the items giving the synonyms in correlation with the examples, in the light of different semantic approaches. They also present ways towards a common understanding in the context of lexicographically imparting knowledge of meaning, i.e. on the basis of an actional-semantics approach which takes into account results obtained from analyses of everyday dialogs about word meanings. Moreover, they discuss how meaning-conveying texts can serve their purposes in dictionary look-up situations, and they lay out all those aspects which are particularly to be taken into consideration in the formulation of lexicographic texts aimed at conveying meaning, in dictionaries belonging to different types.

The present volume is divided into 9 chapters containing 19 articles by 23 authors and closing with a bibliography of 589 titles. Its organisation is systematic. First, "Langenscheidts Grossworterbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache" is situated in the historical context of European learner lexicography. Analysis of the entries on grammar is followed by that of the various semantic and pragmatic aspects covered. There follows a discussion of the lexicographic handling of selected lexical units (particles, compounds, prepositions, conjunctions) and an analysis of the cotexts. This leads on to a discussion of central aspects of the macrostructure followed by analyses of the mediostructure and the accompanying texts. The volume closes with an article by the editors of the dictionary. The contributions deal with the general metalexicographic issues and selected lexicological aspects posed by their subject and are not restricted to a critique of the dictionary in question."

The twelve contributions assembled here have been selected from the papers delivered at the Heidelberg Lexicography Symposium in the winter semester 1997/98 and summer semester 1998. They centre on the various kinds and aspects of lexicography. Electronic lexicography, learner lexicography and text lexicography are represented in a number of contributions, as are historical lexicography and synchronic general lexicography. Detailed consideration is also given to the language-theoretical, grammatical and lexicological spadework that is a necessary prerequisite for any kind of lexicographic practice.

In dem vorliegenden Band unternehmen namhafte Wissenschaftsphilosophen und Sprachwissenschaftler den Versuch, von ihren jeweiligen Standpunkten aus uber die fundamentale Rolle der Sprache in Wissenschaft und Alltag nachzudenken. Zugleich werden die derzeit wichtigsten zeitgenossischen Modelle zur Struktur und Funktion von Sprache von jeweiligen Fachvertretern vorgestellt und diskutiert. Hierbei werden Fragen der Realitats- bzw. Gegenstandskonstitution behandelt sowie Aspekte der Erklarungskraft und Grenzen der unterschiedlichen Forschungspositionen erortert. Abschliessend werden Probleme der wissenschaftlichen Fachkommunikation betrachtet. Der vorliegende Band vermittelt einen umfassenden Einblick in Positionen und Probleme der zeitgenossischen Forschung. Wer sich zum Thema 'Sprache und Sprachen in den Wissenschaften' grundlegend informieren will, findet derzeit kein vergleichbares Buch."

The volume is based on papers given during the winter semester 1994/95 in the framework of the Heidelberg Lexicography Colloquium organized by the Department of German of Heidelberg University. Although all the papers deal with lexicography and/or metalexicography in some form, the range of topics is extremely broad, extending from designs for new or further developed metalexicographic part-theories and concrete dictionary analyses to practical dictionary work and thoughts on the changes in lexicography occasioned by the increasing significance of the electronic media and the progress being made in computer-aided lexicography.

Diese vierbandige Bibliographie fuhrt erstmals die internationale Forschungsliteratur zur Woerterbuchforschung zusammen. Sie erlaubt den schnellen und gezielten Zugriff auf historische ebenso wie auf gegenwartsbezogene Themen und Arbeitsgebiete und stellt ein bibliographisches Fundament zur Verfugung, auf dem zukunftige Forschung aufbauen kann. Sie ist zugleich eine bibliographische Dokumentation der Geschichte der germanistischen Woerterbuchforschung und Lexikographie des Deutschen im Kontext seiner wichtigsten lexikographischen Partnersprachen. DieBibliographie ist ein Arbeitsinstrument fur die Lexikographie zahlreicher Sprachen und fur die internationale Woerterbuchforschung; auch fur Lexikologen ist sie von Interesse. Sie erfasst ca. 25.000 Titel aus uber 15 Sprachen und berucksichtigt alle Arten der Lexikographie. Die Titel sind alphabetisch geordnet und z. T. mit kurzen Kommentaren und mit Hinweisen auf Rezensionen versehen; sie werden uber ein Sachregister sowie ein Namenregister zu denjenigen Personennamen erschlossen, die nicht im Alphabet stehen. Die Orientierung wird durch Querverweise zwischen den Titeln erleichtert. Im Zentrum der Bibliographie wurde die gesamte einschlagige Literatur zur germanistischen Lexikographie von den glossographischen Anfangen bis zur elektronischen Gegenwart berucksichtigt. Insbesondere mit Rucksicht auf die metalexikographische Theoriebildung, die lexikographischen Methoden und die zwei- und mehrsprachige Lexikographie wurde auch die anglistische, nordistische, romanistische und slavistische Lexikographie und Woerterbuchforschung berucksichtigt. Dabei wurde der Herausgeber von namhaften Kollegen unterstutzt. Die Bibliographie richtet sich an alle Philologien, besonders die Germanistik, Sprachwissenschaftler, Lexikographen u.a. in Verlagen und Woerterbuch-Arbeitsstellen, Computerlinguisten und Literaturwissenschaftler.

The volume assembles papers from an eponymous colloquium held in Brunswick on the 18th/19th September 2001. It sets out to provide a documentation and overview of key concerns, currents and developments in German linguistics over the last few years.

This 3-volume bibliography brings together for the first time the international literature on research in dictionary science. Providing quick, systematic access to both historical topics and contemporary fields of interest, it constitutes a firm bibliographical foundation on which future research can build. At the same time it also provides bibliographical documentation of the history of Germanic dictionary research, and in particular of German lexicography in the context of its most important partner languages.

Diese vierbandige Bibliographie fuhrt erstmals die internationale Forschungsliteratur zur Woerterbuchforschung zusammen. Sie erlaubt den schnellen und gezielten Zugriff auf historische ebenso wie auf gegenwartsbezogene Themen und Arbeitsgebiete und stellt ein bibliographisches Fundament zur Verfugung, auf dem zukunftige Forschung aufbauen kann. Sie ist zugleich eine bibliographische Dokumentation der Geschichte der germanistischen Woerterbuchforschung und Lexikographie des Deutschen im Kontext seiner wichtigsten lexikographischen Partnersprachen. DieBibliographie ist ein Arbeitsinstrument fur die Lexikographie zahlreicher Sprachen und fur die internationale Woerterbuchforschung; auch fur Lexikologen ist sie von Interesse. Sie erfasst ca. 25.000 Titel aus uber 15 Sprachen und berucksichtigt alle Arten der Lexikographie. Die Titel sind alphabetisch geordnet und z. T. mit kurzen Kommentaren und mit Hinweisen auf Rezensionen versehen; sie werden uber ein Sachregister sowie ein Namenregister zu denjenigen Personennamen erschlossen, die nicht im Alphabet stehen. Die Orientierung wird durch Querverweise zwischen den Titeln erleichtert. Im Zentrum der Bibliographie wurde die gesamte einschlagige Literatur zur germanistischen Lexikographie von den glossographischen Anfangen bis zur elektronischen Gegenwart berucksichtigt. Insbesondere mit Rucksicht auf die metalexikographische Theoriebildung, die lexikographischen Methoden und die zwei- und mehrsprachige Lexikographie wurde auch die anglistische, nordistische, romanistische und slavistische Lexikographie und Woerterbuchforschung berucksichtigt. Dabei wurde der Herausgeber von namhaften Kollegen unterstutzt. Die Bibliographie richtet sich an alle Philologien, besonders die Germanistik, Sprachwissenschaftler, Lexikographen u.a. in Verlagen und Woerterbuch-Arbeitsstellen, Computerlinguisten und Literaturwissenschaftler.

In commercial lexicography, the aspect of dictionaries as saleable commodities determines the laws governing lexicographic action. Accordingly, the planning and ordering of dictionaries is dictated by the laws of the marketplace and those providing the necessary funds can assert their influence on the content of dictionaries. The present collection informs its readers on the degree to which a legitimate concern for profitability has been appropriately reconciled with culturally responsible activity. An essential factor in this regard is the extent to which academic standards and the insights gleaned from recent dictionary research are taken account of in the practicalities of commercial lexicography.

Since about 4000 years ago, lexicography has been a component of all cultures in which script was known. The path of its development goes from word lists on clay tablets to computer stored data banks. In our day, lexicography has a scientific and a non-scientific form. The former form comprises works on various sources of information and reference that pursue various important purposes, such as: help in the acquisition of the mother tongue and of foreign languages; in various types of acquisition of scientific and technical knowledge; in translation; and in cultural exchange and in ideological developments, either within one`s own or in a foreign linguistic community. The social importance of lexicography is occasionally taken cognizance of even in international politics. The last two decades have witnessed an upsurge in interest in lexicography. On the one hand, international contacts are becoming more intimate in terms both of culture and economy; on the other hand and as far as scientific considerations go, the lexicon is being studied more within the framework of various theories, problems of the vocabulary are being studied within the area of foreign language teaching, and the application of the computer in lexicography and in other fields has brought new problems, together with many advantages. The increase in interest in the lexicon has been accompanied by the emergence of the study of dictionaries as a scientific discipline. This discipline studies the tools of reference as to their forms, structures, the way they are used, their history, and their criticism; ultimately, it is the study of those reference tools in relation to the culture in which they are embedded. The Encyclopedia deals with lexicography and with the study of dictionaries; its three volumes cover the whole area in a great wealth of detail but in a coherent way: authors have written 349 articles in English, French, and German. They are distributed in 38 chapters. The Encyclopedia pursues the following goals: to describe the lexicography of all the language families, with particular attention given to the European languages and their transplanted varieties, to develop a typology of the lexicographic reference books, above all the linguistic dictionaries, within the various cultures and societies, to provide the basis for the study of the lexicon within a general theory of lexicography in relation to the study of various functions of dictionaries in individual cultures and in relation to the theories of the lexicon in various linguistic schools of thought, to develop the methodology of lexicographic work in all its phases, beginning with the appointments of a lexicographic office and ending with the application of the computer, to pinpoint areas in greatest need of improvement both in the lexicographic practice of individual territories and in the theory of lexicography, to offer a rich bibliography both of dictionaries and of secondary literature, to foster the development of lexicography into a discipline that while pursuing practical goals will be suitable for being taught and learned in a scientific way.

In commercial lexicography, the aspect of dictionaries as saleable commodities determines the laws governing lexicographic action. Accordingly, the planning and ordering of dictionaries is dictated by the laws of the marketplace and those providing the necessary funds can assert their influence on the content of dictionaries. The present collection informs its readers on the degree to which a legitimate concern for profitability has been appropriately reconciled with culturally responsible activity. An essential factor in this regard is the extent to which academic standards and the insights gleaned from recent dictionary research are taken account of in the practicalities of commercial lexicography.

The volume assembles 30 articles discussing the following aspects of the DGWDAF: grammar and word formation, phonetics and orthography, pragmatics and semantics, collocations and examples, the lexicographic handling of selected lexical units, dictionary functions and various textual structures, text condensation, and dictionary usage in text reception and text production. All articles are metalexicographic in their approach, productively critical in their stance, and concerned to further the development of lexicographic theory.

The present collection is the fourth and last volume in a series titled -Dictionaries Under Discussion- (cf. Lexicographica. Series Maior 27, 70, 84) in which all the participating scholars have been concerned to provide new impulses for lexicographic research in its four major fields: user research, systematic lexicographic research, historical dictionary research, and dictionary criticism. Like the last volume, this one containing papers held at the Heidelberg Lexicographic Colloquium in the course of the winter semester 1997/98 and summer semester 1998, charts out the potential research paths for lexicography on its way into the new millennium."