Fourteen years after the first proposal of a fractal theoretical model to understand the dynamics of laser produced plasma, a complete image of the model is projected on a wide range of empirical data related to laser produced plasmas.The book tackles the two sides of laser produced plasmas with experimental data on a wide range of materials, from metallic alloys to geological samples and the associated mathematical model is developed in the multifractal theory of motion. A new perspective is explored in analyzing and interpreting the data collected by electrical or optical methods, focusing especially on the charged particles dynamics and the nature of fractal fluctuations and their influence during measurements as well as to the scattering process and plasma splitting phenomena, all seen through the lens of multifractal physics.The book offers the best presentation of the multifractal theoretical model for the study of transient phenomena in laser produced plasmas, which focus leads to a balanced development of the model showcasing both the flexibility and the unique vision of a multifractal mathematical apparatus.

The scale transitions are essential to physical knowledge. The book describes the history of essential moments of physics, viewed as necessary consequences of the unavoidable process of scale transition, and provides the mathematical techniques for the construction of a theoretical physics founded on scale transition. The indispensable mathematical technique is analyticity, helping in the construction of space coordinate systems. The indispensable theoretical technique from physical point of view is the affine theory of surfaces. The connection between the two techniques is provided by a duality in defining the physical properties.

This book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students in physics, engineering, astronomy, applied mathematics and for researchers working in related subjects. It is an excellent study tool for those students who would like to work independently on more electrodynamics problems in order to deepen their understanding and problem solving skills. The book discusses main concepts and techniques related to Maxwell's equations, potentials and fields (including Liénard-Wiechert potentials), electromagnetic waves, and the interaction and dynamics of charged point particles. It also includes content on magnetohydrodynamics and plasma, radiation and antennas, special relativity, relativistic kinematics, relativistic dynamics and relativistic-covariant dynamics and general theory of relativity. It contains a wide range of problems, ranging from electrostatics and magnetostatics to the study of the stability of dynamical systems, field theories and black hole orbiting. The book even contains interdisciplinary problems from the fields of electronics, elementary particle theory, antenna design. Detailed, step-by step calculations are presented, meeting the need for a thorough understanding of the reasoning and steps of the calculations by all students, regardless of their level of training. Additionally, numerical solutions are also proposed and accompanied by adjacent graphical representations and even multiple methods of solving the same problem. It is structured in a coherent and unified way, having a deep didactic character, being thus oriented towards a university environment, where the transmission of knowledge in a logical, unified and coherent way is essential. It teaches students how to think about and how to approach solving electrodynamics problems. - Contains a wide range of problems and applications from the fields of electrodynamics and the theory of special relativity. - Presents numerical solutions to problems involving nonlinearities. - Details command lines specific to Mathematica software dedicated to both analytical and numerical calculations, which allows readers to obtain the numerical solutions as well as the related graphical representations.

Why a new book on Electrodynamics, since there are so many, some of them being excellent? The answer refers to the method of exposure, the suitably selected applications and exercises, and last but not least, the extremely

useful fact that Electrodynamics can by approached by an axiomatic way, starting with a few fundamental principles and arriving at electrostatics, Maxwell's equations, magnetofluid-dynamics etc., as particular cases.

This book is addressed both to undergraduate and graduate students who have

Physics as a major discipline. Since any general course in Physics should

contain at least a chapter regarding the theory of electromagnetic field, it may

also be used by those students and researchers studying Mathematics, Engineering, Physical Chemistry, as well as Astrophysics and Astronomy.

A general survey on applicability of theoretical physics shows that only few theories can be compared to Electrodynamics. Practically, almost all electric and electronic devices used all around the World are based on the electromagnetic field theory and phenomena. This theory presents a peculiar beauty and an amazing harmony, which fully confirm the well-known phrase: the great truths are simple.

By its exceptional achievements, Electrodynamics was the first theory that opened the way to solving one of the ambitious aims of physics, a Unified Field Theory. Indeed, it was Maxwell who performed, for the first time, a unified concept of electric and magnetic fields in his electromagnetic field theory. The mathematical formalism used to describe electromagnetic phenomena is not very complicated. That is why Maxwell's equations can be written in various forms, so that they can also be used in the Special and General Relativity applications. Chronologically, the electromagnetic field was also the first quantized field (Dirac, 1927). This fact opened the way to the birth of the most powerful theories in all branches of physics, i. e. the Quantum Electrodynamics and in general Quantum Field Theory.

The present textbook is an outcome of the authors' teaching experience and lectures given over many years in different countries and for different students studying diverse fields of physics and related subjects. The authors believe that the reader will not only get information, but will master the subject and understand the beauty of the field. A set of about 130 solved and proposed problems will help to attain this purpose and to make the book a comprehensive and useful tool for students and researchers.

Mechanics is one of the oldest and at the same time newest disciplines, in the sense that there are methods and principles developed first in mechanics but now widely used in almost all branches of physics: electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, classical and quantum field theory, special and general theory of relativity, etc. More than that, there are some formalisms like Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approaches, which represent the key stone for the development of the above-mentioned disciplines.

During the last 20-25 years, classical mechanics has undergone an important revival associated with the progress in non-linear dynamics, applications of Noether's theorem and the extension of variational principles in various interdisciplinary sciences (for instance, magnetofluid dynamics). Thus, there ought to exist a book concerned with the applied analytical formalism, first developed in the frame of theoretical mechanics, which has proved to be one of the most efficient tools of investigation in the entire arena of science.

The present book is an outcome of the authors' teaching experience over many years in different countries and for different students studying diverse fields of physics. The book is intended for students at the level of undergraduate and graduate studies in physics, engineering, astronomy, applied mathematics and for researchers working in related subjects.

We hope that the original presentation and the distribution of the topics, the various applications in many branches of physics and the set of more than 100 proposed problems, shall make this book a comprehensive and useful tool for students and researchers.

The present book is an outcome of the authors' teaching experience over many years in different countries and for different students studying diverse fields of physics. The book is intended for students at the level of undergraduate and graduate studies in physics, engineering, astronomy, applied mathematics and for researchers working in related subjects.

We hope that the original presentation and the distribution of the topics, the various applications in many branches of physics and the set of more than 100 proposed problems, shall make this book a comprehensive and useful tool for students and researchers."

This book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students in physics, engineering, astronomy, applied mathematics and for researchers working in related subjects. It is an excellent study tool for those students who would like to work independently on more electrodynamics problems in order to deepen their understanding and problem solving skills. The book discusses main concepts and techniques related to Maxwell's equations, potentials and fields (including Liénard-Wiechert potentials), electromagnetic waves, and the interaction and dynamics of charged point particles. It also includes content on magnetohydrodynamics and plasma, radiation and antennas, special relativity, relativistic kinematics, relativistic dynamics and relativistic-covariant dynamics and general theory of relativity. It contains a wide range of problems, ranging from electrostatics and magnetostatics to the study of the stability of dynamical systems, field theories and black hole orbiting. The book even contains interdisciplinary problems from the fields of electronics, elementary particle theory, antenna design. Detailed, step-by step calculations are presented, meeting the need for a thorough understanding of the reasoning and steps of the calculations by all students, regardless of their level of training. Additionally, numerical solutions are also proposed and accompanied by adjacent graphical representations and even multiple methods of solving the same problem. It is structured in a coherent and unified way, having a deep didactic character, being thus oriented towards a university environment, where the transmission of knowledge in a logical, unified and coherent way is essential. It teaches students how to think about and how to approach solving electrodynamics problems. - Contains a wide range of problems and applications from the fields of electrodynamics and the theory of special relativity. - Presents numerical solutions to problems involving nonlinearities. - Details command lines specific to Mathematica software dedicated to both analytical and numerical calculations, which allows readers to obtain the numerical solutions as well as the related graphical representations.

This book presents an exhaustive study of atomicity from a mathematics perspective in the framework of multi-valued non-additive measure theory. Applications to quantum physics and, more generally, to the fractal theory of the motion, are highlighted. The study details the atomicity problem through key concepts, such as the atom/pseudoatom, atomic/nonatomic measures, and different types of non-additive set-valued multifunctions. Additionally, applications of these concepts are brought to light in the study of the dynamics of complex systems. The first chapter prepares the basics for the next chapters. In the last chapter, applications of atomicity in quantum physics are developed and new concepts, such as the fractal atom are introduced. The mathematical perspective is presented first and the discussion moves on to connect measure theory and quantum physics through quantum measure theory. New avenues of research, such as fractal/multifractal measure theory with potential applications in life sciences, are opened.

The Mathematical Principles of Scale Relativity Physics: The Concept of Interpretation explores and builds upon the principles of Laurent Nottale's scale relativity. The authors address a variety of problems encountered by researchers studying the dynamics of physical systems. It explores Madelung fluid from a wave mechanics point of view, showing that confinement and asymptotic freedom are the fundamental laws of modern natural philosophy. It then probes Nottale's scale transition description, offering a sound mathematical principle based on continuous group theory. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the matter to the reader via a generalization of relativity, a theory of colors, and classical electrodynamics. Key Features: Develops the concept of scale relativity interpreted according to its initial definition enticed by the birth of wave and quantum mechanics Provides the fundamental equations necessary for interpretation of matter, describing the ensembles of free particles according to the concepts of confinement and asymptotic freedom Establishes a natural connection between the Newtonian forces and the Planck's law from the point of view of space and time scale transition: both are expressions of invariance to scale transition The work will be of great interest to graduate students, doctoral candidates, and academic researchers working in mathematics and physics.

The authors examine topics in modern physics and offer a unitary and original treatment of the fundamental problems of the dynamics of physical systems, as well as a description of the nuclear matter within a framework of general relativity. They show that some physical phenomena studied at two different resolution scales (e.g. microscale, cosmological scale), apparently with no connection between them, become compatible by means of the operational procedures, acting either as some "hidden" symmetries, or harmonic-type mappings. The book is addressed to the students, researchers and university/high school teachers working in the fields of mathematics, physics, and chemistry.

The Mathematical Principles of Scale Relativity Physics: The Concept of Interpretation explores and builds upon the principles of Laurent Nottale's scale relativity. The authors address a variety of problems encountered by researchers studying the dynamics of physical systems. It explores Madelung fluid from a wave mechanics point of view, showing that confinement and asymptotic freedom are the fundamental laws of modern natural philosophy. It then probes Nottale's scale transition description, offering a sound mathematical principle based on continuous group theory. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the matter to the reader via a generalization of relativity, a theory of colors, and classical electrodynamics. Key Features: Develops the concept of scale relativity interpreted according to its initial definition enticed by the birth of wave and quantum mechanics Provides the fundamental equations necessary for interpretation of matter, describing the ensembles of free particles according to the concepts of confinement and asymptotic freedom Establishes a natural connection between the Newtonian forces and the Planck's law from the point of view of space and time scale transition: both are expressions of invariance to scale transition The work will be of great interest to graduate students, doctoral candidates, and academic researchers working in mathematics and physics.

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the branch of relativistic quantum field theory that deals specifically with the interactions between charged particles. It is widely used to solve problems in many areas of physics, such as elementary particles, atomic and molecular systems, and solid state physics. This accessible text, Basics of Quantum Electrodynamics, supplies a solid foundation in this dynamic area of physics, making a direct connection to the concepts of quantum mechanics familiar to the advanced undergraduate student. Chapters cover the general theory of free fields and the quantization of the scalar, electromagnetic, and spinorial fields, which prepares readers for understanding field interactions. The authors describe the general theory of field interactions, introducing the scattering matrix and the Feynman-Dyson graphs. They then discuss divergence-free second-order processes, such as Compton and Moller scattering, followed by divergent second-order processes, which cover vacuum polarization and mass and charge renormalization. Providing a modern, informative textbook, this volume illustrates the intimate connection between quantum mechanics and QED in two basic steps: the quantization of free fields, followed by the theory of their interactions. The text contains solved problems to facilitate the application of the theory, as well as a useful appendix on the theory of distributions. The step-by-step description of the quantization of various fields and the clear presentation of the most important interaction processes in QED make this textbook a useful guide for those studying physics at both the graduate and undergraduate level, as well as a reference for teachers and researchers in the field.

The authors examine topics in modern physics and offer a unitary and original treatment of the fundamental problems of the dynamics of physical systems, as well as a description of the nuclear matter within a framework of general relativity. They show that some physical phenomena studied at two different resolution scales (e.g. microscale, cosmological scale), apparently with no connection between them, become compatible by means of the operational procedures, acting either as some "hidden" symmetries, or harmonic-type mappings. The book is addressed to the students, researchers and university/high school teachers working in the fields of mathematics, physics, and chemistry.

Modern physics is characterized by two great theories, which make it fundamentally different from its predecessor: quantum theory and theory of relativity. In this book we want to bring to the reader's attention several solutions to problems connected to the quantum-relativistic interaction of particles. Remarkably, such solutions furnished rigorous and pertinent explanations of a large set of phenomena, both in microscopic world and galactic universe.

Using Cartan's differential 1-forms theory, and assuming that the motion variables depend on Euclidean invariants, certain dynamics of the material point and systems of material points are developed. Within such a frame, the Newtonian force as mass inertial interaction at the intragalactic scale, and the Hubble-type repulsive interaction at intergalactic distances, are developed.The wave-corpuscle duality implies movements on curves of constant informational energy, which implies both quantizations and dynamics of velocity limits.Analysis of motion of a charged particle in a combined field which is electromagnetic and with constant magnetism implies fractal trajectories. Mechanics of material points in a fractalic space is constructed, and various applications - fractal atom, potential well, free particle, etc. - are discussed.

This book is devoted to the fundamentals of classical electrodynamics, one of the most beautiful and productive theories in physics. A general survey on the applicability of physical theories shows that only few theories can be compared to electrodynamics. Essentially, all electric and electronic devices used around the world are based on the theory of electromagnetism. It was Maxwell who created, for the first time, a unified description of the electric and magnetic phenomena in his electromagnetic field theory. Remarkably, Maxwell's theory contained in itself also the relativistic invariance of the special relativity, a fact which was discovered only a few decades later. The present book is an outcome of the authors' teaching experience over many years in different countries and for different students studying diverse fields of physics. The book is intended for students at the level of undergraduate and graduate studies in physics, astronomy, engineering, applied mathematics and for researchers working in related subjects. We hope that the reader will not only acquire knowledge, but will also grasp the beauty of theoretical physics. A set of about 130 solved and proposed problems shall help to attain this aim.

Mechanics is one of the oldest and at the same time newest disciplines, in the sense that there are methods and principles developed first in mechanics but now widely used in almost all branches of physics: electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, classical and quantum field theory, special and general theory of relativity, etc. More than that, there are some formalisms like Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approaches, which represent the key stone for the development of the above-mentioned disciplines.

During the last 20-25 years, classical mechanics has undergone an important revival associated with the progress in non-linear dynamics, applications of Noether's theorem and the extension of variational principles in various interdisciplinary sciences (for instance, magnetofluid dynamics). Thus, there ought to exist a book concerned with the applied analytical formalism, first developed in the frame of theoretical mechanics, which has proved to be one of the most efficient tools of investigation in the entire arena of science.

The present book is an outcome of the authors' teaching experience over many years in different countries and for different students studying diverse fields of physics. The book is intended for students at the level of undergraduate and graduate studies in physics, engineering, astronomy, applied mathematics and for researchers working in related subjects.

We hope that the original presentation and the distribution of the topics, the various applications in many branches of physics and the set of more than 100 proposed problems, shall make this book a comprehensive and useful tool for students and researchers.

The present book is an outcome of the authors' teaching experience over many years in different countries and for different students studying diverse fields of physics. The book is intended for students at the level of undergraduate and graduate studies in physics, engineering, astronomy, applied mathematics and for researchers working in related subjects.

We hope that the original presentation and the distribution of the topics, the various applications in many branches of physics and the set of more than 100 proposed problems, shall make this book a comprehensive and useful tool for students and researchers."

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the branch of relativistic quantum field theory that deals specifically with the interactions between charged particles. It is widely used to solve problems in many areas of physics, such as elementary particles, atomic and molecular systems, and solid state physics. This accessible text, Basics of Quantum Electrodynamics, supplies a solid foundation in this dynamic area of physics, making a direct connection to the concepts of quantum mechanics familiar to the advanced undergraduate student. Chapters cover the general theory of free fields and the quantization of the scalar, electromagnetic, and spinorial fields, which prepares readers for understanding field interactions. The authors describe the general theory of field interactions, introducing the scattering matrix and the Feynman-Dyson graphs. They then discuss divergence-free second-order processes, such as Compton and Moller scattering, followed by divergent second-order processes, which cover vacuum polarization and mass and charge renormalization. Providing a modern, informative textbook, this volume illustrates the intimate connection between quantum mechanics and QED in two basic steps: the quantization of free fields, followed by the theory of their interactions. The text contains solved problems to facilitate the application of the theory, as well as a useful appendix on the theory of distributions. The step-by-step description of the quantization of various fields and the clear presentation of the most important interaction processes in QED make this textbook a useful guide for those studying physics at both the graduate and undergraduate level, as well as a reference for teachers and researchers in the field.

This book presents an exhaustive study of atomicity from a mathematics perspective in the framework of multi-valued non-additive measure theory. Applications to quantum physics and, more generally, to the fractal theory of the motion, are highlighted. The study details the atomicity problem through key concepts, such as the atom/pseudoatom, atomic/nonatomic measures, and different types of non-additive set-valued multifunctions. Additionally, applications of these concepts are brought to light in the study of the dynamics of complex systems. The first chapter prepares the basics for the next chapters. In the last chapter, applications of atomicity in quantum physics are developed and new concepts, such as the fractal atom are introduced. The mathematical perspective is presented first and the discussion moves on to connect measure theory and quantum physics through quantum measure theory. New avenues of research, such as fractal/multifractal measure theory with potential applications in life sciences, are opened.