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In the past five years, the field of electrostatic discharge (ESD)
control has under gone some notable changes. Industry standards
have multiplied, though not all of these, in our view, are
realistic and meaningful. Increasing importance has been ascribed
to the Charged Device Model (CDM) versus the Human Body Model (HBM)
as a cause of device damage and, presumably, premature (latent)
failure. Packaging materials have significantly evolved. Air
ionization techniques have improved, and usage has grown. Finally,
and importantly, the government has ceased imposing MIL-STD-1686 on
all new contracts, leaving companies on their own to formulate an
ESD-control policy and write implementing documents. All these
changes are dealt with in five new chapters and ten new reprinted
papers added to this revised edition of ESD from A to Z. Also, the
original chapters have been augmented with new material such as
more troubleshooting examples in Chapter 8 and a 20-question
multiple-choice test for certifying operators in Chapter 9. More
than ever, the book seeks to provide advice, guidance, and
practical ex amples, not just a jumble of facts and
generalizations. For instance, the added tailored versions of the
model specifications for ESD-safe handling and packaging are
actually in use at medium-sized corporations and could serve as
patterns for many readers."
In the past five years, the field of electrostatic discharge (ESD)
control has under gone some notable changes. Industry standards
have multiplied, though not all of these, in our view, are
realistic and meaningful. Increasing importance has been ascribed
to the Charged Device Model (CDM) versus the Human Body Model (HBM)
as a cause of device damage and, presumably, premature (latent)
failure. Packaging materials have significantly evolved. Air
ionization techniques have improved, and usage has grown. Finally,
and importantly, the government has ceased imposing MIL-STD-1686 on
all new contracts, leaving companies on their own to formulate an
ESD-control policy and write implementing documents. All these
changes are dealt with in five new chapters and ten new reprinted
papers added to this revised edition of ESD from A to Z. Also, the
original chapters have been augmented with new material such as
more troubleshooting examples in Chapter 8 and a 20-question
multiple-choice test for certifying operators in Chapter 9. More
than ever, the book seeks to provide advice, guidance, and
practical ex amples, not just a jumble of facts and
generalizations. For instance, the added tailored versions of the
model specifications for ESD-safe handling and packaging are
actually in use at medium-sized corporations and could serve as
patterns for many readers.
Cognitive science is a field that began with the realization that
researchers in varied disciplines-psychology, artificial
intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, formal semantics,
neuroscience, and others-had taken on a common set of problems in
representation and meaning, in reasoning and language.
Nevertheless, cognitive science as a whole enjoys no common
methodology or theoretical framework, and is in danger of becoming
even more fragmented with time. There are two reasons for this.
First, cognitive science is built on existing methodologies that
have different historical origins. AB a result, the psychologist's
truth is different from the linguist's truth. The artificial
intelligence researcher's truth is different from the philosopher's
truth. The neuroscientist's truth is different from the formal
semanticist's truth. All too often there is little or no
recognition of the relevance of work in other disciplines to one's
own concerns. Second, cognitive scientists tend to develop theories
around isolated problems. For instance, there are theories about
how humans categorize concepts, about how humans analyze linguistic
expressions syntactically, about how the English tense system works
semantically, about how humans reason about space or reason about
time, about how goal-directed problem solving occurs, about how the
brain computes, and so on.
Much has changed with Iowa’s wildlife in the years 1990 to 2020.
Some species such as Canada goose, wild turkey, and white-tailed
deer that once were rare in Iowa are now common, and others like
sandhill crane, river otter, and trumpeter swan are becoming
increasingly abundant. Iowa’s Changing Wildlife provides an
up-to-date, scientifically based summary of changes in the
distribution, status, conservation needs, and future prospects of
about sixty species of Iowa’s birds and mammals whose populations
have increased or decreased in the past three decades. Readers will
learn more about familiar species, become acquainted with the
status of less familiar species, and find out how many of the
species around them have fared during this era of transformation.
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