This volume challenges the common belief that scientific knowledge is international. Employing case studies from Austria, Poland, the Czech lands, and Hungary, the authors show how scientists in the late Habsburg Monarchy confronted the problem of simultaneously nationalizing and internationalizing their knowledge in a multi-national empire during the 'age of nationalism'. The case studies go beyond traditional emphasis on history, ethnology or other 'national' disciplines, ranging from chemistry and physics to natural history, geology, seismology, surgery, linguistics and eugenics, focusing inter alia on scientific terminology in various national languages, supra-national networks of observation or data gathering, language issues in science education, and research practices in cross-national comparison.

This volume challenges the widespread belief that scientific knowledge as such is international. Employing case studies from Austria, Poland, the Czech lands, and Hungary, the authors show how scientists in the late Habsburg Monarchy simultaneously nationalized and internationalized their knowledge.