Often called Kant's "first critique," this is a foundational work of modern philosophy, one that attempts to define the very nature of reason, and to join the two schools of thought dominant in the late 18th century: that of Empiricism and Rationalism. At the border between thinking subject to religion and realities as the burgeoning sciences were demonstrating at the time, Kant explores ethics, the limits of human knowledge, logic, deduction, observation, and intuition, and in the process laid the groundwork for the modern intellect. First published in 1781, this is required reading for anyone wishing to be considered well educated. German metaphysician IMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804) served as a librarian of the Royal Library, a prestigious government position, and as a professor at Knigsberg University. His other works include Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime (1764), Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), and Critique of Practical Reason (1788).

Kant's groundbreaking philosophical treatise concerning the processes of reason is presented here, complete with all appendices and notes. Viewed by scholars of philosophy as one of the landmark texts of the Enlightenment era, The Critique of Pure Reason is often a primary text in higher educational courses concerning philosophy. First published in 1781 and revised in 1787, this book is generally agreed to be the masterwork of Immanuel Kant for its embracing scope, and the gargantuan influence it has wrought upon philosophers. In composing his most famous critique, Kant consulted the works of contemporary philosophers such as John Locke and David Hume. Their work, which discusses the extent to which human beings can perceive and utilise knowledge, forms the grounding for many of Kant's arguments. This edition of The Critique of Pure Reason contains the original appendices and is presented in a format ideal for students, scholars and enthusiasts of philosophy.

Metaphysicians have for centuries attempted to clarify the nature of the world and how rational human beings construct their ideas of it. Materialists believed that the world (including its human component) consisted of objective matter, an irreducible substance to which qualities and characteristics could be attributed. Mind-thoughts, ideas, and perceptions was viewed as a more sophisticated material substance. Idealists, on the other hand, argued that the world acquired its reality from mind, which breathed metaphysical life into substances that had no independent existence of their own.These two camps seemed deadlocked until Immanuel Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason" endeavoured to show that the most accurate theory of reality would be one that combined relevant aspects of each position, yet transcended both to arrive at a more fundamental metaphysical theory. Kant's synthesis sought to disclose how human reason goes about constructing its experience of the world, thus intertwining objective stimuli with rational processes that arrive at an orderly view of nature.

In his monumental "Critique of Pure Reason, " German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) argues that human knowledge is limited by the capacity for perception. He attempts a logical designation of two varieties of knowledge: "a posteriori, " the knowledge acquired through experience; and "a priori, " knowledge not derived through experience. Kant maintains that the most practical forms of human knowledge employ the "a priori" judgments that are possible only when the mind determines the conditions of its own experience. This accurate translation by J. M. Meiklejohn offers a simple and direct rendering of Kant's work that is suitable for readers at all levels.

Kant's groundbreaking philosophical treatise concerning the processes of reason is presented here, complete with all appendices and notes. Viewed by scholars of philosophy as one of the landmark texts of the Enlightenment era, The Critique of Pure Reason is often a primary text in higher educational courses concerning philosophy. First published in 1781 and revised in 1787, this book is generally agreed to be the masterwork of Immanuel Kant for its embracing scope, and the gargantuan influence it has wrought upon philosophers. In composing his most famous critique, Kant consulted the works of contemporary philosophers such as John Locke and David Hume. Their work, which discusses the extent to which human beings can perceive and utilise knowledge, forms the grounding for many of Kant's arguments. This edition of The Critique of Pure Reason contains the original appendices and is presented in a format ideal for students, scholars and enthusiasts of philosophy.

As with all of Kant's writings, this has become an important piece of philosophy that is an important read for any student or thinker today.

Professor Meiklejohn's Grammar and History of the English Language

Revised and re-edited by Fraser McKen (2012)

- NOTE: A free, abbreviated version of this book in .pdf is downloadable at www.jmdmrevision.com]

The original volume - The English Language: Its Grammar, History and Literature (1886) - had widespread popularity, reaching over thirty-five editions in the British Isles, the British Commonwealth and the United States. Since I believe that teachers of English in the 21st C. have the same interest and curiosity about the starting principles of English instruction, I have revised and re-edited this book and, in addition to presenting it on Amazon Books, I have also created a web site to advertise and market it: www.jmdmrevision.com. The web site offers a free, downloadable .pdf version of the new book, including introduction, a table of contents, a description of the original author and highlight passages of the revised text.

My edition of Professor Meiklejohn's Grammar and History of the English Language (2012) is designed as a source text for both new teachers of English and practising classroom teachers. To start with, there is a section on English grammar which includes explanations of the origin and application of terms currently used - as well as clear examples of grammatical values, most of them taken directly from English Literature. There two indexes, one at the beginning of the book and, for easy review of the terms newly introduced to most readers, another index at the end of the grammar section. There is also extensive cross-referencing of grammatical terms such that they can be learned again, if necessary, as the reader proceeds.

After the grammar section is a section on word-branching. Here Professor Meiklejohn describes how individual words have been used to form new words in English, a process which has continued for 1500 years, incorporating root words, prefixes and suffixes in common from Ancient Greek, Latin, French and Old English into the 800,000 words we use today.

Part II is a section on composition, highlighting the modern method of instruction known as "The Writing Process." The Writing Process teaches accuracy of word selection, systematic review of and editing of drafts, logical presentation of ideas, standard punctuation and the lesser known and taught art of prosody (or verse). "The Writing Process" represents the most successful advance in writing and speaking skills development to have taken place in modern English language classrooms. The contents of this book offer a platform for its delivery.

Part III is Professor Meiklejohn's original "History of the English Language." He outlines here in five chapters "The Periods of the English Language," "The History of English Vocabulary," "The History of English Grammar," "Specimens Of Written English From Different Periods" and a final chapter on the English of his own era, The Victorian Age. He concludes this history of English with the "landmark" events in the development of the English Language which extend from from Beowulf to Lord Tennyson.

Part IV, the final section, provides a set of grammatical exercises and corrections indexed to their instructional pages.

In retirement now from my own career as a teacher of secondary school English, and with time and facilities available to me for self-publishing, I am making available, for teachers and student teachers of English worldwide, my own re-edition of Professor Meiklejohn's very successful instructional book of the late 1800's and early 20th C. I believe his book still has useful work to do and that, either as student or teacher of English, you'll agree.

- Fraser McKen

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone

With "The Critique of Pure Reason" Kant laid a new foundation for speculative thought in the western world. He inquired into the nature of reason. He vindicated the reasonableness of some truths which men had indeed felt to be indefeasibly true, but which they had not been able to establish by reasoning.

Kant sought to make a clear separation between the provinces of belief and knowledge. In his view, this is the essence of a critical philosophy. It distinguishes between the perception of that which is in accordance with natural law and the understanding of the moral meaning of things.

He had said that the primary condition, fundamental not merely to knowledge, but to all connected experience, is the knowing, experiencing, thinking, acting self. It is that which says 'I, ' the ego, the permanent subject. But that is not enough. The knowing self demands in turn a knowable world. It must have something outside of itself to which it yet stands related, the object of knowledge. Knowledge is the combination of those two, the result of their cooperation.

Kant proposed that we may indeed say that we know an object of belief. Yet we must make clear to ourselves that we know it in a different sense from that in which we know physical fact. Faith, since it does not spring from the pure reason, cannot be demonstrated by the reason. Equally it cannot, as skepticism has declared, be overthrown by the pure reason.