The Conceptual Roots of Mathematics is a comprehensive study of the foundation of mathematics. J.R. Lucas, one of the most distinguished Oxford scholars, covers a vast amount of ground in the philosophy of mathematics, showing us that it is actually at the heart of the study of epistemology and metaphysics.

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Reason and Reality by J. R. Lucas (ISBN 978-1-934297-04-9 is the Hardback edition and ISBN 978-1-934297-06-3 is the Paperback edition): In this masterful and wide-ranging work by a prominent Oxford University philosopher, J. R. Lucas asks what reality is and how to reason about it. In 15 chapters he brings together his insights and arguments over many decades to offer a coherent view of a single reality which has to be understood in terms of many essential different types of explanation. The view of time and reality that emerges is one that takes full account of modern physics but has room for human beings and responsibility. Here is the book's Contents: -----Chapter 1: Fallibility and Reality. -----Chapter 2: The Development of Normative Reason. -----Chapter 3: A Critique of Critical Reasoning. -----Chapter 4: Explanation and Cause. -----Chapter 5: Projectivism and Probability. -----Chapter 6: The Tree in the Lonely Quad. -----Chapter 7: Existence and Reality. -----Chapter 8: Appearance and Unreality. -----Chapter 9: The Search for the Ultimate. -----Chapter 10: Points of View. -----Chapter 11: Quantum Mechanics. -----Chapter 12: Time. -----Chapter 13: Reductionism. -----Chapter 14: Persons. -----Chapter 15: Inconclusions. -----The book's Index begins on page 477.

Death And Anti-Death, Volume 6: Thirty Years After Kurt Gdel (1906-1978)[Charles Tandy, Ph.D., Editor] [ISBN 978-1-934297-03-2] ------Volume 6, as indicated by the anthology's subtitle, is in honor of Kurt Gdel (1906-1978). The chapters do not necessarily mention him. The chapters (by professional philosophers and other professional scholars) are directed to issues related to death, life extension, and anti-death, broadly construed. Most of the contributions consist of scholarship unique to this volume. As was the case with all previous volumes in the Death And Anti-Death Series By Ria University Press, the anthology includes an Index as well as an Abstracts section that serves as an extended table of contents. (Volume 6 also includes a BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS section.) The ten chapters are entitled as follows: ------> 1. Life And Death Economics: A Dialogue by Giorgio Baruchello and Valerio Lintner (pages 33-52) ------> 2. Charles Hartshorne by Daniel A. Dombrowski (pages 53-78) ------> 3. Choosing Death in Cases of Anorexia Nervosa - Should We Ever Let People Die From Anorexia? PART II by Simona Giordano (pages 79-100) ------> 4. The Ethics Of Enhancement by Bill Grote and William Grey (pages 101-126) ------> 5. Cosmology And Theology by John Leslie (pages 127-156) ------> 6. Positive Logicality: The Development Of Normative Reason by J. R. Lucas (pages 157-222) ------> 7. The Basic Ideas Of Conformal Cyclic Cosmology by Roger Penrose (pages 223-242) ------> 8. Deconstructing Deathism: Personal Immortality As A Desirable Outcome by R. Michael Perry (pages 243-264) ------> 9. What Mary Knows: Actual Mentality, Possible Paradigms, Imperative Tasks by Charles Tandy (pages 265-284) ------> 10. The Future Of Scientific Simulations: From Artificial Life To Artificial Cosmogenesis by Clment Vidal (pages 285-318)

Originally published in 1976. This comprehensive study discusses in detail the philosophical, mathematical, physical, logical and theological aspects of our understanding of time and space. The text examines first the many different definitions of time that have been offered, beginning with some of the puzzles arising from our awareness of the passage of time and shows how time can be understood as the concomitant of consciousness. In considering time as the dimension of change, the author obtains a transcendental derivation of the concept of space, and shows why there has to be only one dimension of time and three of space, and why Kant was not altogether misguided in believing the space of our ordinary experience to be Euclidean. The concept of space-time is then discussed, including Lorentz transformations, and in an examination of the applications of tense logic the author discusses the traditional difficulties encountered in arguments for fatalism. In the final sections he discusses eternity and the beginning and end of the universe. The book includes sections on the continuity of space and time, on the directedness of time, on the differences between classical mechanics and the Special and General theories of relativity, on the measurement of time, on the apparent slowing down of moving clocks, and on time and probability.

Outrageous, unfashionable, politically incorrect though many of Plato's opinions undoubtedly are, we should not just dismiss them as thoughts now unthinkable, but think through them, recognising the force of the arguments that led Plato to enunciate them and consider the counter-arguments he might have marshalled to meet contemporary objections. This book encourages today's students to engage in Plato's thought, grapple with Plato's arguments, and explore the relevance of his arguments in contemporary terms. A text only comes alive if we make it our own; Plato's great work The Republic, often reads as though it were addressing the problems of the day rather than those of ancient Athens. Treating The Republic as a whole and offering a comprehensive introduction to Plato's arguments, Mitchell and Lucas draw students into an exploration of the relevance of Plato's thought to our present ideas about politics, society and education, as well as the philosophy of mathematics, science and religion. The authors bring The Republic to life. The first chapters help the reader to make sense of the text, either in translation or the original Greek. Later chapters deal with the themes that Plato raises, treating Plato as a contemporary. Plato is inexhaustible: he speaks to many different people of different generations and from different backgrounds. The Republic is not just an ancient text: it never ceases to be relevant to contemporary concerns, and it demands fresh discussion in every age.

The last financial crisis revealed a gap between business practice and ethics. In Value Economics, Griffiths and Lucas examine some of the reasons for this ethical gap and discuss the resulting loss of confidence in the financial system. One of the reasons has been hazy or inadequate thinking about how we value economic enterprises. With the close link between the creation of value and business ethics in mind, this book proposes that economic value should become the basic metric for evaluating performance in the creation of value, and for establishing fair and reasonable standards for executive compensation. Value Economics considers a number of rational philosophical principles for business management, on which practical codes of business ethics can be based. As the creation of value has moral implications for economic justice, the book reaffirms the argument for economics as a moral science, and seeks, within the context of proposed changes in the regulation and control of financial services, to answer the following question: will things really change after the last financial crisis?

Originally published in 1976. This comprehensive study discusses in detail the philosophical, mathematical, physical, logical and theological aspects of our understanding of time and space. The text examines first the many different definitions of time that have been offered, beginning with some of the puzzles arising from our awareness of the passage of time and shows how time can be understood as the concomitant of consciousness. In considering time as the dimension of change, the author obtains a transcendental derivation of the concept of space, and shows why there has to be only one dimension of time and three of space, and why Kant was not altogether misguided in believing the space of our ordinary experience to be Euclidean. The concept of space-time is then discussed, including Lorentz transformations, and in an examination of the applications of tense logic the author discusses the traditional difficulties encountered in arguments for fatalism. In the final sections he discusses eternity and the beginning and end of the universe. The book includes sections on the continuity of space and time, on the directedness of time, on the differences between classical mechanics and the Special and General theories of relativity, on the measurement of time, on the apparent slowing down of moving clocks, and on time and probability.

The Conceptual Roots of Mathematics is a comprehensive study of the foundation of mathematics. J.R. Lucas, one of the most distinguished Oxford scholars, covers a vast amount of ground in the philosophy of mathematics, showing us that it is actually at the heart of the study of epistemology and metaphysics.

Responsibility is a key concept in our moral, social and political thinking, but is not itself properly understood. In this book J R Lucas elucidates it in terms of answerability - the obligation to answer the question 'Why did you do it?' He develops this account to include negative responsiblity - 'Why did you not do something about it?' - and share responsibility, which together yield the rationale of political responsibility. In disentangling these two strands of argument, he points out potential conflicts between them within our ideal of responsible government. He exposes the flaws in consequentialism generally, and the utilitarian theory of punishment in particular, and argues for the insights of retributive theories but without the vindictiveness. He devotes separate chapters to rewards, money and personal relations, outlines the fundamental principles of business and professional ethics, and finally touches on those issues that go beyond responsibility altogether. This book is intended for philosophers political, legal, and social theorists anyone concerned with morality on the social and personal spheres.

Reason and Reality by J. R. Lucas (ISBN 978-1-934297-04-9 is the Hardback edition and ISBN 978-1-934297-06-3 is the Paperback edition): In this masterful and wide-ranging work by a prominent Oxford University philosopher, J. R. Lucas asks what reality is and how to reason about it. In 15 chapters he brings together his insights and arguments over many decades to offer a coherent view of a single reality which has to be understood in terms of many essential different types of explanation. The view of time and reality that emerges is one that takes full account of modern physics but has room for human beings and responsibility. Here is the book's Contents: -----Chapter 1: Fallibility and Reality. -----Chapter 2: The Development of Normative Reason. -----Chapter 3: A Critique of Critical Reasoning. -----Chapter 4: Explanation and Cause. -----Chapter 5: Projectivism and Probability. -----Chapter 6: The Tree in the Lonely Quad. -----Chapter 7: Existence and Reality. -----Chapter 8: Appearance and Unreality. -----Chapter 9: The Search for the Ultimate. -----Chapter 10: Points of View. -----Chapter 11: Quantum Mechanics. -----Chapter 12: Time. -----Chapter 13: Reductionism. -----Chapter 14: Persons. -----Chapter 15: Inconclusions. -----The book's Index begins on page 477.

Robert Lucas is one of the outstanding monetary theorists of the past hundred years. Along with Knut Wicksell, Irving Fisher, John Maynard Keynes, James Tobin, and Milton Friedman (his teacher), Lucas revolutionized our understanding of how money interacts with the real economy of production, consumption, and exchange. Lucas's contributions are both methodological and substantive. Methodologically, he developed dynamic, stochastic, general equilibrium models to analyze economic decision-makers operating through time in a complex, probabilistic environment. Substantively, he incorporated the quantity theory of money into these models and derived its implications for money growth, inflation, and interest rates in the long run. He also showed the different effects of anticipated and unanticipated changes in the stock of money on economic fluctuations, and helped to demonstrate that there was not a long-run trade-off between unemployment and inflation (the Phillips curve) that policy-makers could exploit. The twenty-one papers collected in this volume fall primarily into three categories: core monetary theory and public finance, asset pricing, and the real effects of monetary instability. Published between 1972 and 2007, they will inspire students and researchers who want to study the work of a master of economic modeling and to advance economics as a pure and applied science.