Numerous aspects of the medieval economy are covered in this new collection of essays, from business fraud and changes in wages to the production of luxury goods. Long dominated by theories of causation involving class conflict and Malthusian crisis, the field of medieval economic history has been transformed in recent years by a better understanding of the process of commercialisation. Inrecognition of the important work in this area by Richard Britnell, this volume of essays brings together studies by historians from both sides of the Atlantic on fundamental aspects of the medieval commercial economy. From examinations of high wages, minimum wages and unemployment, through to innovative studies of consumption and supply, business fraud, economic regulation, small towns, the use of charters, and the role of shipmasters and peasants as entrepreneurs, this collection is essential reading for the student of the medieval economy. Contributors: John Hatcher, John Langdon, Derek Keene, John S. Lee, James Davis, Mark Bailey, Christine M. Newman, Peter L. Larson, Maryanne Kowaleski, Martha Carlin, James Masschaele, Christopher Dyer

Studies in economic, political and social history in 13c England. This latest volume in the series of selected proceedings of the conferences on thirteenth-century England, held biennially at Newcastle upon Tyne since 1985, contains fourteen papers given at the 1993 conference, most of them modified and expanded from their oral versions. As previously, they range widely over a variety of topics, embracing aspects of the political, legal, administrative, economic, religious and social history of the period, from merchantsand trade in medieval England to hagiographical writings and the role of the household knights of Edward I; there is also an important historiographical introductory essay considering past and present approaches to the study of thirteenth-century England, and indicating possible trends in the future. Contributors: M.T. CLANCHY, PHILIP MORGAN, RUTH INGAMELLS, ROBERT BARTLETT, BRIAN GOLDING, ANDREW H. HERSHEY, SCOTT L. WAUGH, JAMES MASSCHAELE, R.H.BRITNELL, W.M. ORMROD, ANDREW F.McGUINNESS, R. MALCOLM HOGG, MICHAEL BURGER, A.A.M. DUNCAN

New interpretations of the effect of Magna Carta and other aspects of the reign of King John. Magna Carta marked a watershed in the relations between monarch and subject and has long been the subject of constitutional and political historical writing. This volume has a different focus: what was the social, economic, legal, and religious background to the Charter - what was England like between 1199 and 1215? And, no less important, how was King John perceived by those who actually knew him? Studies here analyse earlier Angevin rulers and theeffect of their reigns on John's England, the causes and results of the increasing baronial fear of the king, the "managerial revolution" of the English church, and the effect of the ius commune on English common law; theyalso explore the burgeoning economy of the early thirteenth century and its effect on English towns, the background to discontent over the royal forests which eventually led to the Charter of the Forest, the effect of Magna Cartaon widows and property, and the course of criminal justice before 1215. The volume ends with the first critical edition of an open letter from King John explaining his position in the matter of William de Briouze. Contributors: James A. Brundage, David Crook, David Crouch, John Gillingham, Barbara A. Hanawalt, John Hudson, Janet S. Loengard, James Masschaele, R. V. Turner.