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A number of well-developed theories shed light on the question,
under what circumstances our beliefs enjoy epistemic justification.
Yet, comparatively little is known about epistemic defeat-when new
information causes the loss of epistemic justification. This book
proposes and defends a detailed account of epistemic defeaters. The
main kinds of defeaters are analyzed in detail and integrated into
a general framework that aims to explain how beliefs lose
justification. It is argued that defeaters introduce
incompatibilities into a noetic system and thereby prompt a
structured re-evaluation process that makes a justified
reinstatement of the defeated belief impossible. The account is
then applied to the topic of disagreement, where it is used in an
argument for conciliationism, as well as a new explanation for
higher-order defeat. Throughout the book, the notion of defeat is
the center of attention, while a number of new issues are discussed
at the intersections of defeat and justification. Specifically, new
problems are raised for broadly internalist accounts of defeat, a
fully descriptive reliabilist account of defeat is provided, and
the case for normative defeat is revisited.
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