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The book is a scientific monograph, based on a natural experiment
on cognitive, emotional and social functioning during the year-long
isolation of 21 winter hounds at the Henryk Arctowski Polish
Antarctic Station. The conducted research was of a specimen and
sociometric nature. The results presented in the book are unique in
the literature on the subject due to the longitudinal nature of the
research conducted, together with its high frequency (every two
weeks). Moreover, the social isolation was total in its character,
due to the large limitation of connectivity with the outside world,
which could be considered analogous to future long-term space
missions.
The book is a journal that presents narrations and factual accounts
of events covering 144 days the author spent during the Third
Scientific Expedition of the Polish Academy of Sciences to the
Arctowski Station on King George Island (South Shetland Islands).
The observations comprise events and behaviors in daily life
situations of a team of Polish polar explorers. A valuable source
of knowledge for empirical psychology on the behavior of people in
extreme conditions, the book describes symptoms that form the
winter-over syndrome. The "winter-over syndrome" may be predicted
by analogous effects of space isolation, especially in long-term
space missions, like an expedition to Mars. Hence, this book is an
important scientific and civilizational event in the era of space
exploration.
The author of the book provides a comprehensive examination of
stress, an integral part of people's lives. In the first chapter,
he reviews the 20th-century theories of stress, from biological
mechanisms of stress through medical concepts to contemporary
models of psychological stress. The second chapter provides a
detailed classification of sources of stress, based on physical,
chronobiological, psychological and social factors. In the third
chapter, the author focuses on reactions to stress and presents
them from physiological, emotional, cognitive and behavioral
perspectives. The fourth chapter focuses on two theoretical
constructs: resistance to stress and coping with stress. The author
presents task-oriented, emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented
strategies of coping with stress and underlines the role of social
support in dealing with stress. The author emphasizes the fact that
stress has many faces. It can be seen as "eustress", which has an
important motivational function, forcing us to make efforts and
achieve life goals, or "distress", which distracts us from
achieving our goals and comfort of life.
The author of the book discusses the essence and social
consequences of the postmodern era in the field of psychology of
work and technology. He describes the relationship between the
human being and the goals achieved through the use of technical
tools, which is of interest to the industrial and engineering
psychology. The second chapter provides a detailed classification
of operator-machine system models: technocentric, anthropocentric,
and operator-machine interface. In the third chapter, the author
focuses on psychological characteristics of the
operator-machine-interface system based on the example of jet plane
pilot's activity. The fourth chapter focuses on learning new
operator activities and training of operator's action in
comprehensive simulators as analogues of work experience. In the
fifth chapter the author examines occupational safety and
reliability of the operator-machine system. In the sixth chapter,
the author discusses the computer as a virtual operator serving the
optimization of the quality of life.
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