The focus program on Analytic Function Spaces and their Applications took place at Fields Institute from July 1st to December 31st, 2021. Hilbert spaces of analytic functions form one of the pillars of complex analysis. These spaces have a rich structure and for more than a century have been studied by many prominent mathematicians. They also have several essential applications in other fields of mathematics and engineering, e.g., robust control engineering, signal and image processing, and theory of communication. The most important Hilbert space of analytic functions is the Hardy class H2. However, its close cousins, e.g. the Bergman space A2, the Dirichlet space D, the model subspaces Kt, and the de Branges-Rovnyak spaces H(b), have also been the center of attention in the past two decades. Studying the Hilbert spaces of analytic functions and the operators acting on them, as well as their applications in other parts of mathematics or engineering were the main subjects of this program. During the program, the world leading experts on function spaces gathered and discussed the new achievements and future venues of research on analytic function spaces, their operators, and their applications in other domains.   With more than 250 hours of lectures by prominent mathematicians, a wide variety of topics were covered. More explicitly, there were mini-courses and workshops on Hardy Spaces, Dirichlet Spaces, Bergman Spaces, Model Spaces, Interpolation and Sampling, Riesz Bases, Frames and Signal Processing, Bounded Mean Oscillation, de Branges-Rovnyak Spaces, Operators on Function Spaces, Truncated Toeplitz Operators, Blaschke Products and Inner Functions, Discrete and Continuous Semigroups of Composition Operators, The Corona Problem, Non-commutative Function Theory, Drury-Arveson Space, and Convergence of Scattering Data and Non-linear Fourier Transform. At the end of each week, there was a high profile colloquium talk on the current topic. The program also contained two semester-long advanced courses on Schramm Loewner Evolution and Lattice Models and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space of Analytic Functions. The current volume features a more detailed version of some of the talks presented during the program.

This monograph offers an introduction to finite Blaschke products and their connections to complex analysis, linear algebra, operator theory, matrix analysis, and other fields. Old favorites such as the Caratheodory approximation and the Pick interpolation theorems are featured, as are many topics that have never received a modern treatment, such as the Bohr radius and Ritt's theorem on decomposability. Deep connections to hyperbolic geometry are explored, as are the mapping properties, zeros, residues, and critical points of finite Blaschke products. In addition, model spaces, rational functions with real boundary values, spectral mapping properties of the numerical range, and the Darlington synthesis problem from electrical engineering are also covered. Topics are carefully discussed, and numerous examples and illustrations highlight crucial ideas. While thorough explanations allow the reader to appreciate the beauty of the subject, relevant exercises following each chapter improve technical fluency with the material. With much of the material previously scattered throughout mathematical history, this book presents a cohesive, comprehensive and modern exposition accessible to undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers who have familiarity with complex analysis.

The international conference entitled "New Trends in Approximation Theory" was held at the Fields Institute, in Toronto, from July 25 until July 29, 2016. The conference was fondly dedicated to the memory of our unique friend and colleague, Andre Boivin, who gave tireless service in Canada until his very last moment of his life in October 2014. The impact of his warm personality and his fine work on Complex Approximation Theory was reflected by the mathematical excellence and the wide research range of the 37 participants. In total there were 27 talks, delivered by well-established mathematicians and young researchers. In particular, 19 invited lectures were delivered by leading experts of the field, from 8 different countries. The wide variety of presentations composed a mosaic of aspects of approximation theory, highlighting interesting connections with important contemporary areas of Analysis. Primary topics discussed include application of approximation theory (isoperimetric inequalities, construction of entire order-isomorphisms, dynamical sampling); approximation by harmonic and holomorphic functions (especially uniform and tangential approximation), polynomial and rational approximation; zeros of approximants and zero-free approximation; tools used in approximation theory; approximation on complex manifolds, in product domains, and in function spaces; and boundary behaviour and universality properties of Taylor and Dirichlet series.

Blaschke Products and Their Applications presents a collection of survey articles that examine Blaschke products and several of its applications to fields such as approximation theory, differential equations, dynamical systems, harmonic analysis, to name a few. Additionally, this volume illustrates the historical roots of Blaschke products and highlights key research on this topic. For nearly a century, Blaschke products have been researched. Their boundary behaviour, the asymptomatic growth of various integral means and their derivatives, their applications within several branches of mathematics, and their membership in different function spaces and their dynamics, are a few examples of where Blaschke products have shown to be important. The contributions written by experts from various fields of mathematical research will engage graduate students and researches alike, bringing the reader to the forefront of research in the topic. The readers will also discover the various open problems, enabling them to better pursue their own research."

The classical $\ell^{p}$ sequence spaces have been a mainstay in Banach spaces. This book reviews some of the foundational results in this area (the basic inequalities, duality, convexity, geometry) as well as connects them to the function theory (boundary growth conditions, zero sets, extremal functions, multipliers, operator theory) of the associated spaces $\ell^{p}_{A}$ of analytic functions whose Taylor coefficients belong to $\ell^p$. Relations between the Banach space $\ell^p$ and its associated function space are uncovered using tools from Banach space geometry, including Birkhoff-James orthogonality and the resulting Pythagorean inequalities. The authors survey the literature on all of this material, including a discussion of the multipliers of $\ell^{p}_{A}$ and a discussion of the Wiener algebra $\ell^{1}_{A}$. Except for some basic measure theory, functional analysis, and complex analysis, which the reader is expected to know, the material in this book is self-contained and detailed proofs of nearly all the results are given. Each chapter concludes with some end notes that give proper references, historical background, and avenues for further exploration.

The focus program on Analytic Function Spaces and their Applications took place at Fields Institute from July 1st to December 31st, 2021. Hilbert spaces of analytic functions form one of the pillars of complex analysis. These spaces have a rich structure and for more than a century have been studied by many prominent mathematicians. They have essential applications in other fields of mathematics and engineering. The most important Hilbert space of analytic functions is the Hardy class H2. However, its close cousins—the Bergman space A2, the Dirichlet space D, the model subspaces Kt, and the de Branges-Rovnyak spaces H(b)—have also garnered attention in recent decades. Leading experts on function spaces gathered and discussed new achievements and future venues of research on analytic function spaces, their operators, and their applications in other domains. With over 250 hours of lectures by prominent mathematicians, the program spanned a wide variety of topics. More explicitly, there were courses and workshops on Interpolation and Sampling, Riesz Bases, Frames and Signal Processing, Bounded Mean Oscillation, de Branges-Rovnyak Spaces, Blaschke Products and Inner Functions, and Convergence of Scattering Data and Non-linear Fourier Transform, among others. At the end of each week, there was a high-profile colloquium talk on the current topic. The program also contained two advanced courses on Schramm Loewner Evolution and Lattice Models and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space of Analytic Functions. This volume features the courses given on Hardy Spaces, Dirichlet Spaces, Bergman Spaces, Model Spaces, Operators on Function Spaces, Truncated Toeplitz Operators, Semigroups of weighted composition operators on spaces of holomorphic functions, the Corona Problem, Non-commutative Function Theory, and Drury-Arveson Space. This volume is a valuable resource for researchers interested in analytic function spaces.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Conference on Complex Analysis and Spectral Theory, in celebration of Thomas Ransford's 60th birthday, held from May 21-25, 2018, at Laval University, Quebec, Canada. Spectral theory is the branch of mathematics devoted to the study of matrices and their eigenvalues, as well as their infinite-dimensional counterparts, linear operators and their spectra. Spectral theory is ubiquitous in science and engineering because so many physical phenomena, being essentially linear in nature, can be modelled using linear operators. On the other hand, complex analysis is the calculus of functions of a complex variable. They are widely used in mathematics, physics, and in engineering. Both topics are related to numerous other domains in mathematics as well as other branches of science and engineering. The list includes, but is not restricted to, analytical mechanics, physics, astronomy (celestial mechanics), geology (weather modeling), chemistry (reaction rates), biology, population modeling, economics (stock trends, interest rates and the market equilibrium price changes). There are many other connections, and in recent years there has been a tremendous amount of work on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of analytic functions, on the operators acting on them, as well as on applications in physics and engineering, which arise from pure topics like interpolation and sampling. Many of these connections are discussed in articles included in this book.

Inner functions form an important subclass of bounded analytic functions. Since they have unimodular boundary values, they appear in many extremal problems of complex analysis. They have been extensively studied since early last century, and the literature on this topic is vast. Therefore, this book is devoted to a concise study of derivatives of these objects, and confined to treating the integral means of derivatives and presenting a comprehensive list of results on Hardy and Bergman means. The goal is to provide rapid access to the frontiers of research in this field. This monograph will allow researchers to get acquainted with essentials on inner functions, and it is self-contained, which makes it accessible to graduate students."

The Dirichlet space is one of the three fundamental Hilbert spaces of holomorphic functions on the unit disk. It boasts a rich and beautiful theory, yet at the same time remains a source of challenging open problems and a subject of active mathematical research. This book is the first systematic account of the Dirichlet space, assembling results previously only found in scattered research articles, and improving upon many of the proofs. Topics treated include: the Douglas and Carleson formulas for the Dirichlet integral, reproducing kernels, boundary behaviour and capacity, zero sets and uniqueness sets, multipliers, interpolation, Carleson measures, composition operators, local Dirichlet spaces, shift-invariant subspaces, and cyclicity. Special features include a self-contained treatment of capacity, including the strong-type inequality. The book will be valuable to researchers in function theory, and with over 100 exercises it is also suitable for self-study by graduate students.

An H(b) space is defined as a collection of analytic functions that are in the image of an operator. The theory of H(b) spaces bridges two classical subjects, complex analysis and operator theory, which makes it both appealing and demanding. Volume 1 of this comprehensive treatment is devoted to the preliminary subjects required to understand the foundation of H(b) spaces, such as Hardy spaces, Fourier analysis, integral representation theorems, Carleson measures, Toeplitz and Hankel operators, various types of shift operators and Clark measures. Volume 2 focuses on the central theory. Both books are accessible to graduate students as well as researchers: each volume contains numerous exercises and hints, and figures are included throughout to illustrate the theory. Together, these two volumes provide everything the reader needs to understand and appreciate this beautiful branch of mathematics.

An H(b) space is defined as a collection of analytic functions which are in the image of an operator. The theory of H(b) spaces bridges two classical subjects: complex analysis and operator theory, which makes it both appealing and demanding. The first volume of this comprehensive treatment is devoted to the preliminary subjects required to understand the foundation of H(b) spaces, such as Hardy spaces, Fourier analysis, integral representation theorems, Carleson measures, Toeplitz and Hankel operators, various types of shift operators, and Clark measures. The second volume focuses on the central theory. Both books are accessible to graduate students as well as researchers: each volume contains numerous exercises and hints, and figures are included throughout to illustrate the theory. Together, these two volumes provide everything the reader needs to understand and appreciate this beautiful branch of mathematics.

The international conference entitled "New Trends in Approximation Theory" was held at the Fields Institute, in Toronto, from July 25 until July 29, 2016. The conference was fondly dedicated to the memory of our unique friend and colleague, Andre Boivin, who gave tireless service in Canada until his very last moment of his life in October 2014. The impact of his warm personality and his fine work on Complex Approximation Theory was reflected by the mathematical excellence and the wide research range of the 37 participants. In total there were 27 talks, delivered by well-established mathematicians and young researchers. In particular, 19 invited lectures were delivered by leading experts of the field, from 8 different countries. The wide variety of presentations composed a mosaic of aspects of approximation theory, highlighting interesting connections with important contemporary areas of Analysis. Primary topics discussed include application of approximation theory (isoperimetric inequalities, construction of entire order-isomorphisms, dynamical sampling); approximation by harmonic and holomorphic functions (especially uniform and tangential approximation), polynomial and rational approximation; zeros of approximants and zero-free approximation; tools used in approximation theory; approximation on complex manifolds, in product domains, and in function spaces; and boundary behaviour and universality properties of Taylor and Dirichlet series.

Blaschke Products and Their Applications presents a collection of survey articles that examine Blaschke products and several of its applications to fields such as approximation theory, differential equations, dynamical systems, harmonic analysis, to name a few. Additionally, this volume illustrates the historical roots of Blaschke products and highlights key research on this topic. For nearly a century, Blaschke products have been researched. Their boundary behaviour, the asymptomatic growth of various integral means and their derivatives, their applications within several branches of mathematics, and their membership in different function spaces and their dynamics, are a few examples of where Blaschke products have shown to be important. The contributions written by experts from various fields of mathematical research will engage graduate students and researches alike, bringing the reader to the forefront of research in the topic. The readers will also discover the various open problems, enabling them to better pursue their own research.

This monograph provides a comprehensive study of a typical and novel function space, known as the $\mathcal{N}_p$ spaces. These spaces are Banach and Hilbert spaces of analytic functions on the open unit disk and open unit ball, and the authors also explore composition operators and weighted composition operators on these spaces. The book covers a significant portion of the recent research on these spaces, making it an invaluable resource for those delving into this rapidly developing area. The authors introduce various weighted spaces, including the classical Hardy space $H^2$, Bergman space $B^2$, and Dirichlet space $\mathcal{D}$. By offering generalized definitions for these spaces, readers are equipped to explore further classes of Banach spaces such as Bloch spaces $\mathcal{B}^p$ and Bergman-type spaces $A^p$. Additionally, the authors extend their analysis beyond the open unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ and open unit ball $\mathbb{B}$ by presenting families of entire functions in the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$ and in higher dimensions. The Theory of $\mathcal{N}_p$ Spaces is an ideal resource for researchers and PhD students studying spaces of analytic functions and operators within these spaces.

Aimed at graduate students, this textbook provides an accessible and comprehensive introduction to operator theory. Rather than discuss the subject in the abstract, this textbook covers the subject through twenty examples of a wide variety of operators, discussing the norm, spectrum, commutant, invariant subspaces, and interesting properties of each operator. The text is supplemented by over 600 end-of-chapter exercises, designed to help the reader master the topics covered in the chapter, as well as providing an opportunity to further explore the vast operator theory literature. Each chapter also contains well-researched historical facts which place each chapter within the broader context of the development of the field as a whole.

The study of model spaces, the closed invariant subspaces of the backward shift operator, is a vast area of research with connections to complex analysis, operator theory and functional analysis. This self-contained text is the ideal introduction for newcomers to the field. It sets out the basic ideas and quickly takes the reader through the history of the subject before ending up at the frontier of mathematical analysis. Open questions point to potential areas of future research, offering plenty of inspiration to graduate students wishing to advance further.

The theory of Hardy spaces has close connections to many branches of mathematics including Fourier analysis, harmonic analysis, singular integrals, potential theory and operator theory, and has found essential applications in robust control engineering. For each application, the ability to represent elements of these classes by series or integral formulas is of utmost importance. This self-contained text provides an introduction to a wide range of representation theorems and provides a complete description of the representation theorems with direct proofs for both classes of Hardy spaces: Hardy spaces of the open unit disc and Hardy spaces of the upper half plane. With over 300 exercises, many with accompanying hints, this book is ideal for those studying Advanced Complex Analysis, Function Theory or Theory of Hardy Spaces. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students will find the book easy to follow, with a logical progression from basic theory to advanced research.

Aimed at graduate students, this textbook provides an accessible and comprehensive introduction to operator theory. Rather than discuss the subject in the abstract, this textbook covers the subject through twenty examples of a wide variety of operators, discussing the norm, spectrum, commutant, invariant subspaces, and interesting properties of each operator. The text is supplemented by over 600 end-of-chapter exercises, designed to help the reader master the topics covered in the chapter, as well as providing an opportunity to further explore the vast operator theory literature. Each chapter also contains well-researched historical facts which place each chapter within the broader context of the development of the field as a whole.

The theory of Hardy spaces has close connections to many branches of mathematics including Fourier analysis, harmonic analysis, singular integrals, potential theory and operator theory, and has found essential applications in robust control engineering. For each application, the ability to represent elements of these classes by series or integral formulas is of utmost importance. This self-contained text provides an introduction to a wide range of representation theorems and provides a complete description of the representation theorems with direct proofs for both classes of Hardy spaces: Hardy spaces of the open unit disc and Hardy spaces of the upper half plane. With over 300 exercises, many with accompanying hints, this book is ideal for those studying Advanced Complex Analysis, Function Theory or Theory of Hardy Spaces. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students will find the book easy to follow, with a logical progression from basic theory to advanced research.