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Valuable new insights into the multi-layered and multi-directional
relationship of law, literature, and social regulation in
pre-Conquest English society. Pre-Conquest English law was among
the most sophisticated in early medieval Europe. Composed largely
in the vernacular, it played a crucial role in the evolution of
early English identity and exercised a formative influence on the
development of the Common Law. However, recent scholarship has also
revealed the significant influence of these legal documents and
ideas on other cultural domains, both modern and pre-modern. This
collection explores the richness of pre-Conquest legal writing by
looking beyond its traditional codified form. Drawing on
methodologies ranging from traditional philology to legal and
literary theory, and from a diverse selection of contributors
offering a broad spectrum of disciplines, specialities and
perspectives, the essays examine the intersection between
traditional juridical texts - from law codes and charters to
treatises and religious regulation - and a wide range of literary
genres, including hagiography and heroic poetry. In doing so, they
demonstrate that the boundary that has traditionally separated
"law" from other modes of thought and writing is far more porous
than hitherto realized. Overall, the volume yields valuable new
insights into the multi-layered and multi-directional relationship
of law, literature, and social regulation in pre-Conquest English
society.
Fruits of the most recent research on the worlds of the eleventh
and twelfth centuries. The essays collected here embody the Haskins
Society's commitment to historical and interdisciplinary research
on the early and central Middle Ages, especially in the
Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman, and Angevin worlds, but also on
thecontinent. Their topics range from the discovery of Bede's use
of catechesis to educate readers on conversion, the discovery of an
early eleventh-century Viking mass burial, and historical
interpretations of Eadric Streona, to the development of monastic
liturgy at Durham Cathedral, the Franco-centricity of Latin
accounts of the First Crusade, and an investigation of Gerald of
Wales' rarely considered Speculum duorum virorum. Contributions on
the charters of the countesses of Ponthieu and Blanche of Navarre's
role in military dimensions of governance explore the nature and
mechanisms of female lordship on the continent, while others
investigate the nature of kingship through close readings,
respectively, of John of Worcester and William of Malmesbury and
the Vie de Saint Gilles; a further chapter considers the changing
image of William the Conqueror in nineteenth- and early
twentieth-century French historiography. Finally, a study of Serlo
of Bayeux's defense of clerical marriage, along with a critical
edition and facing translation of his poem The Capture of Bayeux
offers readers new insights and access tothis often overlooked
witness to Norman history in the early twelfth century.
Contributors: Angela Boyle, Marcus Bull, Philippa Byrne, Jay Paul
Gates, Veronique Gazeau, Wendy Marie Hoofnagle, Elizabeth van
Houts, Kathy M. Krause, Charlie Rozier, Katrin E. Sjursen, Carolyn
Twomey, Emily A. Winkler
Drawing on a wealth of sources from different disciplines, the
essays here provide a nuanced picture of how medieval and early
modern societies viewed murder and dealt with murderers. Murder -
the perpetrators, victims, methods and motives - has been the
subject of law, literature, chronicles and religion, often crossing
genres and disciplines and employing multiple modes of expression
and interpretation. As the chapters in this volume demonstrate,
definitions of murder, manslaughter and justified or unjustified
homicide depend largely on the legal terminology and the laws of
the society. Much like modern nations, medieval societies treated
murder and murderers differently based on their social standing,
the social standing of the victim, their gender, their mental
capacity for understanding their crime, and intent, motive and
means. The three parts of this volume explore different aspects of
this crime in the Middle Ages. The first provides the legal
template for reading cases of murder in a variety of sources. The
second examines the public hermeneutics of murder, especially
theways in which medieval societies interpreted and contextualised
their textual traditions: Icelandic sagas, Old French fabliaux,
Arthuriana and accounts of assassination. Finally, the third part
focuses on the effects of murder within the community: murder as a
social ill, especially in killing kin.
A new look at the way in which medieval European literature depicts
torture and brutality. An ugly subject, but one that needs to be
treated thoroughly and comprehensively, with a discreet wit and no
excessive relish. These needs are richly satisfied in Larissa
Tracy's bold and important book. DEREK PEARSALL, ProfessorEmeritus,
Harvard University. Torture - that most notorious aspect of
medieval culture and society - has evolved into a dominant
mythology, suggesting that the Middle Ages was a period during
which sadistic torment wasinflicted on citizens with impunity and
without provocation: popular museums displaying such gruesome
implements as the rack, the strappado, the gridiron, the wheel, and
the Iron Maiden can be found in many modern European cities.These
lurid images of medieval torture have re-emerged within recent
discussions on American foreign policy and the introduction of
torture legislation as a weapon in the "War on Terror", and raised
questions about its history and reality, particularly given its
proliferation in some literary genres and its relative absence in
others. This book challenges preconceived ideas about the
prevalence of torture and judicial brutality in medieval society
byarguing that their portrayal in literature is not mimetic.
Instead, it argues that the depictions of torture and brutality
represent satire, critique and dissent; they have didactic and
political functions in opposing the statusquo. Torture and
brutality are intertextual literary motifs that negotiate cultural
anxieties of national identity; by situating these practices
outside their own boundaries in the realm of the barbarian "Other",
medieval and early-modern authors define themselves and their
nations in opposition to them. Works examined range from Chaucer to
the Scandinavian sagas to Shakespeare, enabling a true comparative
approach to be taken. Larissa Tracy isAssociate Professor, Longwood
University.
Essays exploring medieval castration, as reflected in archaeology,
law, historical record, and literary motifs. Castration and
castrati have always been facets of western culture, from myth and
legend to law and theology, from eunuchs guarding harems to the
seventeenth- and eighteenth-century castrati singers. Metaphoric
castration pervadesa number of medieval literary genres,
particularly the Old French fabliaux - exchanges of power
predicated upon the exchange or absence of sexual desire signified
by genitalia - but the plain, literal act of castration and its
implications are often overlooked. This collection explores this
often taboo subject and its implications for cultural mores and
custom in Western Europe, seeking to demystify and demythologize
castration. Its subjects includearchaeological studies of eunuchs;
historical accounts of castration in trials of combat; the
mutilation of political rivals in medieval Wales; Anglo-Saxon and
Frisian legal and literary examples of castration as punishment;
castration as comedy in the Old French fabliaux; the prohibition
against genital mutilation in hagiography; and early-modern
anxieties about punitive castration enacted on the Elizabethan
stage. The introduction reflects on these topics in the context of
arguably the most well-known victim of castration in the middle
ages, Abelard. LARISSA TRACY is Associate Professor of Medieval
Literature at Longwood University. Contributors: Larissa Tracy,
Kathryn Reusch, Shaun Tougher, Jack Collins, Rolf H. Bremmer Jr,
Jay Paul Gates, Charlene M. Eska, Mary A. Valante, Anthony Adams,
Mary E. Leech, Jed Chandler, Ellen Lorraine Friedrich, Robert L.A.
Clark, Karin Sellberg, LenaWanggren
A new look at the way in which medieval European literature depicts
torture and brutality. An ugly subject, but one that needs to be
treated thoroughly and comprehensively, with a discreet wit and no
excessive relish. These needs are richly satisfied in Larissa
Tracy's bold and important book. DEREK PEARSALL, ProfessorEmeritus,
Harvard University. Torture - that most notorious aspect of
medieval culture and society - has evolved into a dominant
mythology, suggesting that the Middle Ages was a period during
which sadistic torment wasinflicted on citizens with impunity and
without provocation: popular museums displaying such gruesome
implements as the rack, the strappado, the gridiron, the wheel, and
the Iron Maiden can be found in many modern European cities.These
lurid images of medieval torture have re-emerged within recent
discussions on American foreign policy and the introduction of
torture legislation as a weapon in the "War on Terror", and raised
questions about its history and reality, particularly given its
proliferation in some literary genres and its relative absence in
others. This book challenges preconceived ideas about the
prevalence of torture and judicial brutality in medieval society
byarguing that their portrayal in literature is not mimetic.
Instead, it argues that the depictions of torture and brutality
represent satire, critique and dissent; they have didactic and
political functions in opposing the statusquo. Torture and
brutality are intertextual literary motifs that negotiate cultural
anxieties of national identity; by situating these practices
outside their own boundaries in the realm of the barbarian "Other",
medieval and early-modern authors define themselves and their
nations in opposition to them. Works examined range from Chaucer to
the Scandinavian sagas to Shakespeare, enabling a true comparative
approach to be taken. Larissa Tracy isAssociate Professor, Longwood
University.
Essays examining how punishment operated in England, from c.600 to
the Norman Conquest. Anglo-Saxon authorities often punished
lawbreakers with harsh corporal penalties, such as execution,
mutilation and imprisonment. Despite their severity, however, these
penalties were not arbitrary exercises of power. Rather, theywere
informed by nuanced philosophies of punishment which sought to
resolve conflict, keep the peace and enforce Christian morality.
The ten essays in this volume engage legal, literary, historical,
and archaeological evidence to investigate the role of punishment
in Anglo-Saxon society. Three dominant themes emerge in the
collection. First is the shift from a culture of retributive feud
to a system of top-down punishment, in which penalties were imposed
by an authority figure responsible for keeping the peace. Second is
the use of spectacular punishment to enhance royal standing, as
Anglo-Saxon kings sought to centralize and legitimize their power.
Third is the intersectionof secular punishment and penitential
practice, as Christian authorities tempered penalties for material
crime with concern for the souls of the condemned. Together, these
studies demonstrate that in Anglo-Saxon England, capital and
corporal punishments were considered necessary, legitimate, and
righteous methods of social control. Jay Paul Gates is Assistant
Professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in The City
University of New York; Nicole Marafioti is Assistant Professor of
History and co-director of the Medieval and Renaissance Studies
Program at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas. Contributors:
Valerie Allen, Jo Buckberry, Daniela Fruscione, Jay Paul Gates,
Stefan Jurasinski, Nicole Marafioti, Daniel O'Gorman, Lisi Oliver,
Andrew Rabin, Daniel Thomas.
Drawing on a wealth of sources from different disciplines, the
essays here provide a nuanced picture of how medieval and early
modern societies viewed murder and dealt with murderers. Murder -
the perpetrators, victims, methods and motives - has been the
subject of law, literature, chronicles and religion, often crossing
genres and disciplines and employing multiple modes of expression
and interpretation. As the chapters in this volume demonstrate,
definitions of murder, manslaughter and justified or unjustified
homicide depend largely on the legal terminology and the laws of
the society. Much like modern nations, medieval societies treated
murder and murderers differently based on their social standing,
the social standing of the victim, their gender, their mental
capacity for understanding their crime, and intent, motive and
means. The three parts of this volume explore different aspects of
this crime in the Middle Ages. The first provides the legal
template for reading cases of murder in a variety of sources. The
second examines the public hermeneutics of murder, especially
theways in which medieval societies interpreted and contextualised
their textual traditions: Icelandic sagas, Old French fabliaux,
Arthuriana and accounts of assassination. Finally, the third part
focuses on the effects of murder within the community: murder as a
social ill, especially in killing kin. LARISSA TRACY is Professor
of Medieval Literature at Longwood University. Contributors: Dianne
Berg, G. Koolemans Beynen, Dwayne C. Coleman, Jeffrey Doolittle,
Carmel Ferragud, Jay Paul Gates, Thomas Gobbitt, Emily J.
Hutchison, Jolanta N. Komornicka, Anne Latowsky, Matthew Lubin,
Andrew McKenzie-McHarg, Ben Parsons, Ilse Schweitzer VanDonkelaar,
Hannah Skoda, Bridgette Slavin, Larissa Tracy, Patricia Turning,
Lucas Wood
Essays exploring medieval castration, as reflected in archaeology,
law, historical record, and literary motifs. Castration and
castrati have always been facets of western culture, from myth and
legend to law and theology, from eunuchs guarding harems to the
seventeenth- and eighteenth-century castrati singers. Metaphoric
castration pervadesa number of medieval literary genres,
particularly the Old French fabliaux - exchanges of power
predicated upon the exchange or absence of sexual desire signified
by genitalia - but the plain, literal act of castration and its
implications are often overlooked. This collection explores this
often taboo subject and its implications for cultural mores and
custom in Western Europe, seeking to demystify and demythologize
castration. Its subjects includearchaeological studies of eunuchs;
historical accounts of castration in trials of combat; the
mutilation of political rivals in medieval Wales; Anglo-Saxon and
Frisian legal and literary examples of castration as punishment;
castration as comedy in the Old French fabliaux; the prohibition
against genital mutilation in hagiography; and early-modern
anxieties about punitive castration enacted on the Elizabethan
stage. The introduction reflects on these topics in the context of
arguably the most well-known victim of castration in the middle
ages, Abelard. Larissa Tracy is Associate Professor of Medieval
Literature at Longwood University. Contributors: Larissa Tracy,
Kathryn Reusch, Shaun Tougher, Jack Collins, Rolf H. Bremmer Jr,
Jay Paul Gates, Charlene M. Eska, Mary A. Valante, Anthony Adams,
Mary E. Leech, Jed Chandler, Ellen Lorraine Friedrich, Robert L.A.
Clark, Karin Sellberg, LenaWÃ¥nggren
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