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The International Working Conference on Dependable Computing for
Critical Applications was the first conference organized by IFIP
Working Group 10. 4 "Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerance," in
cooperation with the Technical Committee on Fault-Tolerant
Computing of the IEEE Computer Society, and the Technical Committee
7 on Systems Reliability, Safety and Security of EWlCS. The
rationale for the Working Conference is best expressed by the aims
of WG 10. 4: " Increasingly, individuals and organizations are
developing or procuring sophisticated computing systems on whose
services they need to place great reliance. In differing
circumstances, the focus will be on differing properties of such
services - e. g. continuity, performance, real-time response,
ability to avoid catastrophic failures, prevention of deliberate
privacy intrusions. The notion of dependability, defined as that
property of a computing system which allows reliance to be
justifiably placed on the service it delivers, enables these
various concerns to be subsumed within a single conceptual
framework. Dependability thus includes as special cases such
attributes as reliability, availability, safety, security. The
Working Group is aimed at identifying and integrating approaches,
methods and techniques for specifying, designing, building,
assessing, validating, operating and maintaining computer systems
which should exhibit some or all of these attributes. " The concept
of WG 10. 4 was formulated during the IFIP Working Conference on
Reliable Computing and Fault Tolerance on September 27-29, 1979 in
London, England, held in conjunction with the Europ-IFIP 79
Conference. Profs A. Avi ienis (UCLA, Los Angeles, USA) and A.
The first ESPRIT Basic Research Project on Predictably Dependable
Computing Systems (No. 3092, PDCS) commenced in May 1989, and ran
until March 1992. The institutions and principal investigators that
were involved in PDCS were: City University, London, UK (Bev
Littlewood), lEI del CNR, Pisa, Italy (Lorenzo Strigini),
Universitiit Karlsruhe, Germany (Tom Beth), LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse,
France (Jean-Claude Laprie), University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
(Brian Randell), LRI-CNRS/Universite Paris-Sud, France
(Marie-Claude Gaudel), Technische Universitiit Wien, Austria
(Hermann Kopetz), and University of York, UK (John McDermid). The
work continued after March 1992, and a three-year successor project
(No. 6362, PDCS2) officially started in August 1992, with a
slightly changed membership: Chalmers University of Technology,
Goteborg, Sweden (Erland Jonsson), City University, London, UK (Bev
Littlewood), CNR, Pisa, Italy (Lorenzo Strigini), LAAS-CNRS,
Toulouse, France (Jean-Claude Laprie), Universite Catholique de
Louvain, Belgium (Pierre-Jacques Courtois), University of Newcastle
upon Tyne, UK (Brian Randell), LRI-CNRS/Universite Paris-Sud,
France (Marie-Claude Gaudel), Technische Universitiit Wien, Austria
(Hermann Kopetz), and University of York, UK (John McDermid). The
summary objective of both projects has been "to contribute to
making the process of designing and constructing dependable
computing systems much more predictable and cost-effective." In the
case of PDCS2, the concentration has been on the problems of
producing dependable distributed real-time systems and especially
those where the dependability requirements centre on issues of
safety and/or security.
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