Group living is a widespread phenomenon amongst animals and has attracted considerable attention in a number of different contexts. This book focuses on the unifying concepts regarding group behaviour that have been developed over the last two decades. The authors discuss the mechanisms that govern the evolution and maintenance of grouping behaviour throughout the animal kingdom, and the factors that control observed group size and group composition in particular situations. Although the book's emphasis is on the elaboration of a conceptual framework, extensive examples and case studies illustrate the diversity of grouping phenomena across taxonomic boundaries, and demonstrate the general applicability of the concepts involved. Living in Groups will familiarize the reader with the latest ideas on the ecology and evolution of group-living animals, providing a summary and critical synthesis of the extensive and diverse literature on the subject.

The scientific study of networks - computer, social, and biological - has received an enormous amount of interest in recent years. However, the network approach has been applied to the field of animal behaviour relatively late compared to many other biological disciplines. Understanding social network structure is of great importance for biologists since the structural characteristics of any network will affect its constituent members and influence a range of diverse behaviours. These include finding and choosing a sexual partner, developing and maintaining cooperative relationships, and engaging in foraging and anti-predator behavior. This novel text provides an overview of the insights that network analysis has provided into major biological processes, and how it has enhanced our understanding of the social organisation of several important taxonomic groups. It brings together researchers from a wide range of disciplines with the aim of providing both an overview of the power of the network approach for understanding patterns and process in animal populations, as well as outlining how current methodological constraints and challenges can be overcome. Animal Social Networks is principally aimed at graduate level students and researchers in the fields of ecology, zoology, animal behaviour, and evolutionary biology but will also be of interest to social scientists.

The scientific study of networks - computer, social, and biological - has received an enormous amount of interest in recent years. However, the network approach has been applied to the field of animal behaviour relatively late compared to many other biological disciplines. Understanding social network structure is of great importance for biologists since the structural characteristics of any network will affect its constituent members and influence a range of diverse behaviours. These include finding and choosing a sexual partner, developing and maintaining cooperative relationships, and engaging in foraging and anti-predator behavior. This novel text provides an overview of the insights that network analysis has provided into major biological processes, and how it has enhanced our understanding of the social organisation of several important taxonomic groups. It brings together researchers from a wide range of disciplines with the aim of providing both an overview of the power of the network approach for understanding patterns and process in animal populations, as well as outlining how current methodological constraints and challenges can be overcome. Animal Social Networks is principally aimed at graduate level students and researchers in the fields of ecology, zoology, animal behaviour, and evolutionary biology but will also be of interest to social scientists.

Group living is a widespread phenomenon amongst animals and has attracted considerable attention in a number of different contexts. This book focuses on the unifying concepts regarding group behaviour that have been developed over the last two decades. The authors discuss the mechanisms that govern the evolution and maintenance of grouping behaviour throughout the animal kingdom, and the factors that control observed group size and group composition in particular situations. Although the book's emphasis is on the elaboration of a conceptual framework, extensive examples and case studies illustrate the diversity of grouping phenomena across taxonomic boundaries, and demonstrate the general applicability of the concepts involved. Living in Groups will familiarize the reader with the latest ideas on the ecology and evolution of group-living animals, providing a summary and critical synthesis of the extensive and diverse literature on the subject.

Social network analysis is used widely in the social sciences to study interactions among people, groups, and organizations, yet until now there has been no book that shows behavioral biologists how to apply it to their work on animal populations. "Exploring Animal Social Networks" provides a practical guide for researchers, undergraduates, and graduate students in ecology, evolutionary biology, animal behavior, and zoology.

Existing methods for studying animal social structure focus either on one animal and its interactions or on the average properties of a whole population. This book enables researchers to probe animal social structure at all levels, from the individual to the population. No prior knowledge of network theory is assumed. The authors give a step-by-step introduction to the different procedures and offer ideas for designing studies, collecting data, and interpreting results. They examine some of today's most sophisticated statistical tools for social network analysis and show how they can be used to study social interactions in animals, including cetaceans, ungulates, primates, insects, and fish. Drawing from an array of techniques, the authors explore how network structures influence individual behavior and how this in turn influences, and is influenced by, behavior at the population level. Throughout, the authors use two software packages--UCINET and NETDRAW--to illustrate how these powerful analytical tools can be applied to different animal social organizations.

Magisterarbeit aus dem Jahr 1996 im Fachbereich BWL - Handel und Distribution, Note: 2,1, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin (Philosophische Fakultat III, Internationales Management), Veranstaltung: Prof. Dr. J. Wessel, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Inhaltsangabe: Einleitung: Indonesien gehorte in der Zeit von 1967 bis 1995 zu einem der sich am schnellsten entwickelnden Staaten der Erde. Das jahrliche Wirtschaftswachstum betrug in diesem Zeitraum durchschnittlich zwischen funf und sieben Prozent. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt stieg von 3,5 Milliarden US$ im Jahre 1967 auf 144,7 Milliarden US$ im Jahre 1993. Das Pro-Kopf-Einkommen lag im Jahre 1967 noch bei 31,2 US$. Es soll im Jahre 1996 bereits die 1.000 US$ Schwelle uberschreiten. Indonesien war in der Mitte der 60er Jahre ein Agrarland mit einem landwirtschaftlichen Anteil am BIP (Bruttoinlandsprodukt) von 53,9% und einem industriellen Anteil von 7,3%. Die 1966 unter General Soeharto neu etablierte indonesische Fuhrungselite setzte sich das Ziel, die Ressourcen des Landes fur die Entwicklung zu einem modernen Industriestaat einzusetzen. Die Fuhrung unter Soeharto sah die Ursache fur den wirtschaftlichen Niedergang des Landes bis 1966 in der Uberbetonung politischer Ziele bei der Gestaltung des Landes. Dem setzte Soeharto nach 1966 eine Strategie des Aufbaus und der Entwicklung, die sogenannte Pembangunan-Strategie gegenuber. Die Pembangunan-Strategie beinhaltete vorwiegend wirtschaftliche Ziele. Sie hatte jedoch offensichtlich die innenpolitische Aufgabe, durch die Befriedigung der Bedurfnisse der Bevolkerung Soehartos Fuhrungsanspruch zu rechtfertigen und zu sichern sowie das Land zu entpolitisieren. Die Pembangunan-Strategie bestand aus vier Grundelementen, die in den staatlichen Dokumenten immer wieder auftauchten. Dazu gehorte die Staatsideologie Pancasila in Verbindung mit dem Grundgesetz von 1945 (indon.: Undang-undang Dasar 1945), die Idee von der Wirtschaftsdemokratie sowie eine sogenannte Entwicklungstrilogie (indo