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This volume brings together two comprehensive survey studies of the
literature on the microeconometrics of international trade. The
chapters apply new empirical methods to the analysis of the links
between international trade and various dimensions of firm
performance such as productivity, profitability, wages, and
survival. The studies also include report results for Germany, one
of the leading actors on the world markets for goods and services.
Microeconometric Studies of Firms' Imports and Exports spans
twenty-four papers with a focus on four topics: applications of
advanced microeconometric methods for cross-section and panel data
of internationally active firms; cross-country studies using
comparable data for firms; studies of exports by business services
firms; and new evidence on German firms' trade in goods from
transaction data. Applications focus on Germany, the third-largest
exporter and importer of goods in the world. Some of these papers
are "classic" empirical studies that helped to shape the field of
microeconometrics in international trade and are widely cited. The
two final papers are hitherto unpublished and include new material.
Applications focus on Germany, the third-largest exporter and
importer of goods in the world.
A major showcase for the compound semiconductor community, Compound
Semiconductors 2002 presents an overview of recent developments in
compound semiconductor physics and its technological applications
to devices. The topics discussed reflect the significant progress
achieved in understanding and mastering compound semiconductor
materials and electronic and optoelectronic devices. The book
covers heteroepitaxial growth, quantum confined emitters and
detectors, quantum wires and dots, ultrafast transistors, and
various compound materials.
Since 2001 the Statistical Offices in Germany offer access to micro
level panel data that linked information from various waves of a
survey over time. These panel data enormously extended the research
potential of data from official statistics by allowing dynamic
analyses and control for unobserved heterogeneity via panel
econometric methods. A second generation of data sets which became
available recently has an even higher research potential. These new
data combine information for firms gathered in different surveys
(or from external sources) that could not be analyzed jointly
before. Merging firm level data from different surveys to construct
data sets that cover information on a wider range of variables than
the ones collected in any of these surveys, one at a time, is the
basic idea of the project AFiD. AFiD is an acronym for the German
Amtliche Firmendaten fur Deutschland (official firm data for
Germany). The papers in this issue present first results generated
with this new type of firm level data and discussions.
In many parts of vertebrate and invertebrate central nervous
systems, groups of nerve or receptor cells can be found that are
arranged and connected according to a precise, functionally defined
pattern (Braitenberg, 1973; Santini, 1975; Strausfeld, 1976;
Chan-Palay, 1977). In these cases, groups of cell bodies or
synapses appear as basically similar configurations, which,
however, are different in detail from each other. Such abstract
patterns of connectivity are of a statistical nature and do not
allow, in a given example, for the prediction of the localization
or connections of a particular cell. "Wiring diagrams", therefore,
can be obtained only from a multitude of individual observations.
In contrast, in several sensory organs, concrete patterns occur
that con sist of a regular, mosaic-like, and geometric arrangement
of similar cell types. The constancy of such a mosaic allows
predictions about certain units of the pattern on the basis of only
a few exemplary observations. Typical examples are found in the
visual system: In the compound eye of insects, each ommatidium
contains a definite number of visual cells that are grouped around
the optical axis in a hexogonal array (Kirsch feld, 1967); in the
vertebrate retina, mosaics of geometrically arranged cones are
found most frequently in lower vertebrates; they are common among
teleosts. A number of studies have dealt with their phylogenetic
significance and their functional role as adaptation to specific
environments or modes of feeding.
For a couple of years, more and more micro-econometric studies in
international trade use data on exports and imports on goods that
are based on transaction level data collected by the customs. These
data cover detailed information on the goods traded, its value, its
weight, and the country of destination (for exports) or origin (for
imports). In contrast to data from surveys of firms that were used
in empirical studies in the past, these data do not only focus on
'who trades and how much', but also on 'who trades how much of
which goods of which value and which weight with firms from which
countries'. These transaction data have been used in empirical
studies that shed light on various aspects of trade in goods for
the first time. This book contains a comprehensive survey of the
international literature and selected studies that report results
for Germany, the third largest exporter and importer of goods in
the world market.
"Nitrogen" Suppt. Vol. B 1 describes the compounds of nitrogen with
noble gases and, in the major part, binary compounds composed of
one nitrogen atom and hydrogen. Nitrogen hydrogen compounds with
two and more nitrogen atoms are covered in "Nitrogen" Suppt. Vol.
82. There is some information on various nitrogen-noble gas
species, to a large extent because of the interest in their bonding
behavior. Experimental data have been obtained chiefly for some
singly charged cations, particularly those formed by argon Like ArN
+ and ArNi. The existence of others has only been established by
mass spectrometry. The binary compounds of nitrogen and hydrogen
comprise NH, NH , NH , NH , the corre 2 4 5 sponding ions, and some
adducts. NH and NH1 are not treated. The predominant part 3 of the
volume covers the description of the molecules NH and NH . 8oth
species are present 2 in photolytic processes in the atmosphere.
They play an essential role in combustion systems regardless of
whether the nitrogen stems from the nitrogen-containing fuel or
from the air. Thus, much work has been devoted to the understanding
of the nitrogen chemistry in combustion and in the atmosphere. The
production and detection methods as weiL as the reactions have been
comprehensively described. ln addition detailed information is
given on the spectral behavior, the knowledge of which is important
for detecting the mole cules and for studying their kinetics.
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