Over the past several decades, liberal western Europe's attempts to improve human rights, social equality, and political democracy have increasingly conflicted with countervailing tendencies. The 2000s brought its own range of conflicts, including an upsurge in terrorism, economic downturn, and growing divisions over matters of ethnicity, religion, and history. During the 2010s, a new wave of refugees and immigrants from the Middle East and North Africa further split xenophobic, anti-Muslim nationalists from those who welcomed the non-European "Other". And now, Europe is undergoing the unexpected shock of a virulent pandemic that has already spawned another round of economic devastation and socio-political unrest. Studying contemporary western European film uncovers how the cinema can reflect on and contribute to discourses of conflict and survival in the new century. This edited collection uncovers the ways western Europe's filmmakers have taken it upon themselves to represent and interrogate this new era of uncertainty, and to pose implicitly the broadly political question of "whither Europe?". The chapters demonstrate a broad theoretical and methodological understanding of filmmakers as thinking citizen-artists who are directly involved in their society's discussions of the past, the present, and the future. Far from merely "reflecting" their times, filmmakers have become activists who use their art to reflect on their times and to encourage their audiences to think critically about Europe's problems and potentials.

"Turning to Nature in Germany" is a study of mass movements that aimed to bring the German people into closer contact with nature. In the early twentieth century organized hikers, nudists, and conservationists all looked to nature for solutions to the nation's political crises. Following these movements over three political eras--the Second Empire, the Weimar Republic, and the Third Reich--the book shows how manifestations of popular culture reflected the concerns and hopes of their time. Williams breaks with historians who have long seen nature movements as anti-modern and irrational by arguing that naturists were calling not for Germany to turn back the clock, but for the nation to find a way to navigate the treacherous waters of contemporary life and strive toward a brighter future.

It was the aim of Capt. Thomas, in writing this history of Marlboro County, South Carolina, to make it so full in the matters of tradition and genealogy as to leave no room for complaint, but in spite of his zeal, industrious inquiry and research, he was unable to procure from some families, facts and data, whilst some others were unable to give information sought, having preserved no family records, and having no traditions stored up in memory. The Rev. J. A. W. Thomas endeavored to write this piece of local history of a people loyal to the State, valorous in war, law abiding, industrious and thrifty in time of peace. The citizens of Marlboro should feel deeply indebted for the history of the people who have ever been true to themselves and their State in time of war, and who, in peace, by quiet industry and exemplary thrift have made Marlboro the garden spot of the State.

Interweaving social, political, environmental, economic, and popular history, John Alexander Williams chronicles four and a half centuries of the Appalachian past. Along the way, he explores Appalachia's long-contested boundaries and the numerous, often contradictory images that have shaped perceptions of the region as both the essence of America and a place apart.

Williams begins his story in the colonial era and describes the half-century of bloody warfare as migrants from Europe and their American-born offspring fought and eventually displaced Appalachia's Native American inhabitants. He depicts the evolution of a backwoods farm-and-forest society, its divided and unhappy fate during the Civil War, and the emergence of a new industrial order as railroads, towns, and extractive industries penetrated deeper and deeper into the mountains. Finally, he considers Appalachia's fate in the twentieth century, when it became the first American region to suffer widespread deindustrialization, and examines the partial renewal created by federal intervention and a small but significant wave of in-migration.

Throughout the book, a wide range of Appalachian voices enlivens the analysis and reminds us of the importance of storytelling in the ways the people of Appalachia define themselves and their region.

In his clear, eminently readable style, Williams organizes the tangled strands of West Virginia's past around a few dramatic events the battle of Point Pleasant, John Brown's insurrection in Harper's Ferry, the Paint Creek labor movement, the Hawk's Nest and Buffalo Creek disasters, and more. Williams uses these pivotal events as introductions to the larger issues of statehood, Civil War, unionism, and industrialization. Along the way, Williams conveys a true feel for the lives of common West Virginians, the personalities of the state's memorable characters, and the powerful influence of the land itself on its own history."

In the nearly nineteen years since the destruction of the Wall that divided East from West Berlin, Germans have struggled with the challenges of reunification. The task has been daunting-unifying two countries with a common language but mutually hostile political and economic systems. Contrary to the optimistic predictions of 1989/1990, reunification has aggravated many of Germany's problems within the larger context of globalization. Berlin, divided epicenter of the Cold War, Germany's largest city and the capital since 1999, has been forced to confront the challenges of reunification with particular urgency. This book presents the work of six scholars who met at Bradley University's annual Berlin seminar in June, 2006 to discuss the recent past and the future prospects of the German metropolis. Two broad concerns--society and historical memory--emerged during the seminar and are reflected in these scholars' writings. The first section of the book assesses how Berliners have reunified the city through urban planning and social, economic and cultural policies. These chapters also speak to pressing contemporary issues of immigration, citizenship and cultural diversity. The essays in the book's second part trace how historical memory has been shaped and politically contested in German culture, both in the divided nation and since 1989. Berlin Since the Wall's End casts light on a metropolis that has been scarred, but not destroyed, by the upheavals of recent history.