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General circulation models (GCMs) predict certain changes in the
amounts and distribution of precipitation, but the conversion of
these predictions of impacts on water resources presents novel
problems in hydrologic modeling, particularly with regard to the
scale of the processes involved. Therefore improved, distributed
GCMs are required. New remote sensing technologies provide the
necessary spatially distributed data. However, there are many
attendant problems with the translation of remotely sensed signals
into hydrologically relevant information. This book elucidates how
to improve the representation of land surface hydrologic processes
in GCMs and in regional and global scale climate studies. It is
divided into five sections: Models and Data; Precipitation; Soil
Moisture; Evapotranspiration; Runoff.
This volume provides a modern assessment of the state of the
world"s water resources. It collects in one place a huge amount of
data. A uniform methodological approach for each continent is then
built upon to analyse the dynamics of water resources, water use
and water availability for the Earth as a whole, and for all
natural-economic regions and selected countries, as well as river
water inflow to the World Ocean. A dependence of water resources
and water use upon climate factors and socio-economic conditions is
demonstrated. Regions of water stress and deficit are highlighted,
and a great increase of such regions in the future is forecast if
present trends towards water use remain. The effect of
anthropogenic climate change on water resources and water needs is
also considered. This volume will prove to be an invaluable
resource for all researchers and policy-makers involved in water
resource issues.
The world's water resources are coming under increasing stress, a
stress that will become critical globally sometime during the next
century. This is due to the rapidly rising population demanding
more and more water and an increasing level of affluence. The book
discusses the background to this issue and the measures to be taken
over the next 20-30 years to overcome some of the difficulties that
can be foreseen, and the means of avoiding others, such as the
hazard of floods. It looks at the water resource and its assessment
and management in an integrated fashion. It deals with the
requirements of agriculture and of rural and urban societies and to
a lesser extent with those of industry and power, against the
background of the needs of the natural environment. It presents a
number of ways and means of improving the management of national
and international affairs involving fresh water. It highlights the
importance of fresh water as a major issue for the environment and
for development.
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