This text provides an integrated view of post-9/11 security concerns over the United States's shared border with Mexico and Canada in regards to terrorism, unauthorized migration, drug and arms smuggling, and other illegal trade. The challenges facing U.S. Customs and Border Patrol are daunting. There are 19,841 miles of American land and water boundaries to protect, and 95,000 miles of shoreline and defined air space subject to homeland security surveillance. Additionally, the booming drug trade across the U.S.-Mexico border, combined with the ever-increasing number of migrants wanting to reach our land of opportunity, has resulted in a grim death toll: more than 5,000 known migrant deaths have occurred along the U.S.-Mexico border during 1995-2008, and in 2009, an estimated 9,635 Mexicans were killed in drug-related violence, with 2,573 people killed in Ciudad Juarez alone. U.S. Border Security focuses on the contrast between border security before and after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. This text also examines the controversial topics of illegal immigration, counterterrorism, drug and weapons trafficking, human smuggling, the impact of border security on the movement of people and goods, and the effect of the war on terrorism on civil and human rights. Presents a chronological overview of the major historical and contemporary events impacting the U.S.-Canada and U.S.-Mexico borders, as well as the development of trilateral and international security concerns Includes a bibliography providing academic sources and a chapter of books, peer-reviewed journals, and video/DVD resources Glossary contains terminology for border security, unauthorized immigration, terrorism, drug and arms smuggling, and cross-border trade studies A chapter of biographical profiles describe the key players in politics, homeland security agencies, and criminal organizations

Drawing on government data and interdisciplinary expertise, this timely book seeks to explain why the changing economic and legal status of women has not reduced the gender gap in criminal offending. Women and Crime: A Reference Handbook examines how women's patterns of offending have changed over time in America, from the Colonial period to the present. The book sets the stage with a historical overview of women's criminal activity. Subsequent chapters cover such topics as changes in women's status and patterns of offending; the impact of childhood abuse on the development of criminality; and how changes in law, the War on Drugs, and other crime policy have, in fact, increased the frequency of women's imprisonment and arrests. International issues, such as legalization of prostitution, sex trafficking, and women's involvement in organized crime, including drug cartels, are also explored. Each chapter examines theory, research, law, policy, and key players in the evolving response to women's crime patterns. Throughout the work, the author links women's status, victimization, and offending patterns, and suggests how crime control policy, far from saving women, is increasingly making it impossible for female offenders to live on the outside. Quotations from women offenders that explain their actions and situate them in life-history trajectories associated with criminal behavior Biographies of key theorists and researchers, prominent women offenders, and advocates for gender and justice Uniform Crime Report and Bureau of Justice statistics on girls' and womens' offending relative to men Primary source documents on legislation impacting women's offending and victimization A chronology of women's offending and legislation from the Colonial era to the present A glossary of key criminal justice terms that apply to women offenders An interdisciplinary bibliography of reference works, monographs, journal articles, Internet sites, and streaming/DVD resources