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Marine Ecotoxicology: Current Knowledge and Future Issues is the
first unified resource to cover issues related to contamination,
responses, and testing techniques of saltwater from a toxicological
perspective. With its unprecedented focus on marine environments
and logical chapter progression, this book is useful to graduate
students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators involved
or interested in marine waters. As human interaction with these
environments increases, understanding of the pollutants and toxins
introduced into the oceans becomes ever more critical, and this
book builds a foundation of knowledge to assist scientists in
studying, monitoring, and making decisions that affect both marine
environments and human health. A team of world renowned experts
provide detailed analyses of the most common contaminants in marine
environments and explain the design and purpose of toxicity testing
methods, while exploring the future of ecotoxicology studies in
relation to the world's oceans. As the threat of increasing
pollution in marine environments becomes an ever more tangible
reality, Marine Ecotoxicology offers insights and guidance to
mitigate that threat.
This book provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of the
chemical analysis of UV filters in coastal waters and their impact
on the marine environment. The sun care is today the most important
sector within the cosmetics industry, with annual increases in
sales. The main components of sunscreens, organic and inorganic UV
filters, have been detected in many coastal regions, with the
highest concentrations in coastal areas under high anthropogenic
pressure. Moreover, these compounds have been found to be
bioaccumulated in aquatic biota causing biological and
toxicological responses; some organic UV filters act as endocrine
disruptors in aquatic biota, affecting survival, behavior, growth,
development and reproduction. On the other hand, inorganic UV
filters, mainly based on nanoparticles, have been demonstrated to
have various impacts on marine organisms, such as inducing
oxidative stress in abalones, accumulating in microalgae, affecting
the immune response in mussels, bleaching corals, and genotoxicity
in fish, among others. All these effects of sunscreens on the
marine environment highlight the need for more stringent and
environmentally friendly regulations. This book covers the latest
analytical methodologies used in assessing the impact of UV filters
impact on marine waters, especially on marine biota, and also
critiques the global regulation of UV filters and the environmental
risk of using sunscreens. Featuring specific case studies of the
environmental effects of sunscreens in the Mediterranean Sea and
Hawaii, which highlight the importance of balancing human health
with environmental health of coastal ecosystems, it will appeal not
only to scientists and students from various disciplines
(environmental chemistry, biology, ecology, biogeochemistry,
fisheries and climate change among others), but also to
environmental managers wanting to promote new restrictive
regulations on the use of UV filters, and to professionals from the
cosmetic industry interested in the development of eco-friendly
sunscreens.
The use of nanoparticles in medicine, industrial, and other
applications has triggered an interest in their potential. This
book explores the use of nanoparticles related to their occurrence
in the environment, their impact on biota in aquatic systems,
application of new methodologies, and changes associated with new
global scenarios. The book also covers the bioaccumulation and
internalization of nanoparticles as key aspects to assess their
uptake and discusses the methodologies for testing ENPs ecotoxicity
at different trophic levels.
This book provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of the
chemical analysis of UV filters in coastal waters and their impact
on the marine environment. The sun care is today the most important
sector within the cosmetics industry, with annual increases in
sales. The main components of sunscreens, organic and inorganic UV
filters, have been detected in many coastal regions, with the
highest concentrations in coastal areas under high anthropogenic
pressure. Moreover, these compounds have been found to be
bioaccumulated in aquatic biota causing biological and
toxicological responses; some organic UV filters act as endocrine
disruptors in aquatic biota, affecting survival, behavior, growth,
development and reproduction. On the other hand, inorganic UV
filters, mainly based on nanoparticles, have been demonstrated to
have various impacts on marine organisms, such as inducing
oxidative stress in abalones, accumulating in microalgae, affecting
the immune response in mussels, bleaching corals, and genotoxicity
in fish, among others. All these effects of sunscreens on the
marine environment highlight the need for more stringent and
environmentally friendly regulations. This book covers the latest
analytical methodologies used in assessing the impact of UV filters
impact on marine waters, especially on marine biota, and also
critiques the global regulation of UV filters and the environmental
risk of using sunscreens. Featuring specific case studies of the
environmental effects of sunscreens in the Mediterranean Sea and
Hawaii, which highlight the importance of balancing human health
with environmental health of coastal ecosystems, it will appeal not
only to scientists and students from various disciplines
(environmental chemistry, biology, ecology, biogeochemistry,
fisheries and climate change among others), but also to
environmental managers wanting to promote new restrictive
regulations on the use of UV filters, and to professionals from the
cosmetic industry interested in the development of eco-friendly
sunscreens.
The use of nanoparticles in medicine, industrial, and other
applications has triggered an interest in their potential. This
book explores the use of nanoparticles related to their occurrence
in the environment, their impact on biota in aquatic systems,
application of new methodologies, and changes associated with new
global scenarios. The book also covers the bioaccumulation and
internalization of nanoparticles as key aspects to assess their
uptake and discusses the methodologies for testing ENPs ecotoxicity
at different trophic levels.
This textbook offers a comprehensive and authoritative introduction
to the latest analytical methods, tools and techniques used in the
marine environment, bringing together the two fields of chemical
oceanography and analytical chemistry. Divided into 11 chapters,
the book starts with an overview of the main parameters of the
marine carbon system, and it covers different sampling strategies
used by the marine scientific community, and the different chemical
analyses to measure trace metals, radionuclides and organic matter
in the marine environment. Particular attention is given to the
identification and quantification of marine persistent organic
pollutants, emerging organic contaminants and microplastics.
Readers will also find accessible explanations and real life
examples of the application of remote sensing and in-situ sensing
technologies to monitor the marine environment. The textbook
finishes with a chapter on data treatment that outlines the
relevant statistical approaches, uncertainty estimation and quality
assurance of marine chemical measurements. This textbook provides
both students and professionals alike with a transdisciplinary and
comprehensive foundation for the chemical analysis of our oceans
and seas.
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