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Arsenic is likely the most talked-about metalloid in the modern
world because of its toxic effects on both animal and plants.
Further, arsenic pollution is now producing negative impacts on
food security, especially in many south Asian countries. Since
plants are a major food source, their adaptation to As-rich
environments is essential, as is being informed about recent
findings on multifarious aspects of the mechanisms of arsenic
toxicity and tolerance in plants. Although numerous research works
and review articles have been published in journals, annual reviews
and as book chapters, to date there has been no comprehensive book
on this topic. This book contains 19 informative chapters on
arsenic chemistry, plant uptake, toxicity and tolerance mechanisms,
as well as approaches to mitigation. Readers will be introduced to
the latest findings on plant responses to arsenic toxicity, various
tolerance mechanisms, and remediation techniques. As such, the book
offers a timely and valuable resource for a broad audience,
including plant scientists, soil scientists, environmental
scientists, agronomists, botanists and molecular biologists.
Plants have to manage a series of environmental stresses throughout
their entire lifespan. Among these, abiotic stress is the most
detrimental; one that is responsible for nearly 50% of crop yield
reduction and appears to be a potential threat to global food
security in coming decades. Plant growth and development reduces
drastically due to adverse effects of abiotic stresses. It has been
estimated that crop can exhibit only 30% of their genetic
potentiality under abiotic stress condition. So, this is a
fundamental need to understand the stress responses to facilitate
breeders to develop stress resistant and stress tolerant cultivars
along with good management practices to withstand abiotic stresses.
Also, a holistic approach to understanding the molecular and
biochemical interactions of plants is important to implement the
knowledge of resistance mechanisms under abiotic stresses.
Agronomic practices like selecting cultivars that is tolerant to
wide range of climatic condition, planting date, irrigation
scheduling, fertilizer management could be some of the effective
short-term adaptive tools to fight against abiotic stresses. In
addition, "system biology" and "omics approaches" in recent studies
offer a long-term opportunity at the molecular level in dealing
with abiotic stresses. The genetic approach, for example, selection
and identification of major conditioning genes by linkage mapping
and quantitative trait loci (QTL), production of mutant genes and
transgenic introduction of novel genes, has imparted some tolerant
characteristics in crop varieties from their wild ancestors.
Recently research has revealed the interactions between micro-RNAs
(miRNAs) and plant stress responses exposed to salinity, freezing
stress and dehydration. Accordingly transgenic approaches to
generate stress-tolerant plant are one of the most interesting
researches to date. This book presents the recent development of
agronomic and molecular approaches in conferring plant abiotic
stress tolerance in an organized way. The present volume will be of
great interest among research students and teaching community, and
can also be used as reference material by professional researchers.
This book presents recent advances in global wheat crop research,
including the effects of abiotic stresses like high and low
temperatures, drought, hypoxia, salinity, heavy metals, nutrient
deficiency, and toxicity on wheat production. It also highlights
various approaches to alleviate the damaging effects of abiotic
stress on wheat as well as advanced approaches to develop
abiotic-stress-tolerant wheat crops. Wheat is probably one of the
world's most important cereals; it is a staple food in more than 40
countries, and because of its adaptability is cultivated in almost
every region. Global wheat production has more than doubled in the
last 50 years due to higher yields. However, despite their high
yield potential, modern wheat cultivars are often subject to crop
loss due to the abiotic stresses. As such, plant breeders have long
aimed to improve tolerance in order to maintain yield. Written by
85 experts, and offering the latest insights into wheat responses
and tolerance to various abiotic stresses, it is a valuable tool
for agronomists, plant breeders, plant physiologists and students
in the field of plant science and agriculture. It is the first book
to comprehensively cover past and current abiotic stress problems
and tolerance mechanisms.
Halophytes are those plant species that can tolerate high salt
concentrations. There are diversified species of halophytes suited
for growth in various saline regions around the world, e.g. coastal
saline soil, soils of mangrove forests, wetlands, marshlands, lands
of arid and semiarid regions, and agricultural fields. These plants
can be grown in soil and water containing high salt concentrations
and unsuitable for conventional crops, and can be good sources of
food, fuel, fodder, fiber, essential oils, and medicine. Moreover,
halophytes can be exploited as significant and major plant species
for the desalination and restoration of saline soils, as well as
phytoremediation. This book highlights recent advances in exploring
the unique features of halophytes and their potential uses in our
changing environment.
Plants are frequently exposed to unfavorable and adverse
environmental conditions known as abiotic stressors. These factors
can include salinity, drought, heat, cold, flooding, heavy metals,
and UV radiation which pose serious threats to the sustainability
of crop yields. Since abiotic stresses are major constraints for
crop production, finding the approaches to enhance stress tolerance
is crucial to increase crop production and increase food security.
This book discusses approaches to enhance abiotic stress tolerance
in crop plants on a global scale. Plants scientists and breeders
will learn how to further mitigate plant responses and develop new
crop varieties for the changing climate.
Plants are frequently exposed to unfavorable and adverse
environmental conditions known as abiotic stressors. These factors
can include salinity, drought, heat, cold, flooding, heavy metals,
and UV radiation which pose serious threats to the sustainability
of crop yields. Since abiotic stresses are major constraints for
crop production, finding the approaches to enhance stress tolerance
is crucial to increase crop production and increase food security.
This book discusses approaches to enhance abiotic stress tolerance
in crop plants on a global scale. Plants scientists and breeders
will learn how to further mitigate plant responses and develop new
crop varieties for the changing climate.
Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Agronomic, Genetic,
Molecular and Omic Approaches presents research and latest
developments on mechanisms of cadmium tolerance covering both lab
and field conditions. This book contains important insights and
options for minimizing Cd accumulation in plants and mitigating Cd
toxicity. Topics covered include using various omics approaches to
understanding plant responses to Cd, novel technologies for
developing Cd tolerance and integrated breeding approaches to
mitigate Cd stress in crops. Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in
Plants: Agronomic, Genetic, Molecular and Omic Approaches is a
valuable resource for both researchers and students working on
cadmium pollution and plant responses as well as related fields of
environmental contamination and toxicology.
Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance provides an
important guide to recognizing, assessing and addressing the broad
range of environmental factors that can inhibit rice yield. As a
staple food for nearly half of the world's population, and in light
of projected population growth, improving and increasing rice yield
is imperative. This book presents current research on abiotic
stresses including extreme temperature variance, drought, hypoxia,
salinity, heavy metal, nutrient deficiency and toxicity stresses.
Going further, it identifies a variety of approaches to alleviate
the damaging effects and improving the stress tolerance of rice.
Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance provides an
important reference for those ensuring optimal yields from this
globally important food crop.
This book presents recent advances in global wheat crop research,
including the effects of abiotic stresses like high and low
temperatures, drought, hypoxia, salinity, heavy metals, nutrient
deficiency, and toxicity on wheat production. It also highlights
various approaches to alleviate the damaging effects of abiotic
stress on wheat as well as advanced approaches to develop
abiotic-stress-tolerant wheat crops. Wheat is probably one of the
world's most important cereals; it is a staple food in more than 40
countries, and because of its adaptability is cultivated in almost
every region. Global wheat production has more than doubled in the
last 50 years due to higher yields. However, despite their high
yield potential, modern wheat cultivars are often subject to crop
loss due to the abiotic stresses. As such, plant breeders have long
aimed to improve tolerance in order to maintain yield. Written by
85 experts, and offering the latest insights into wheat responses
and tolerance to various abiotic stresses, it is a valuable tool
for agronomists, plant breeders, plant physiologists and students
in the field of plant science and agriculture. It is the first book
to comprehensively cover past and current abiotic stress problems
and tolerance mechanisms.
Bangladesh is one of the moderate developing and most disaster
prone country in the world. This country is already vulnerable to
extreme climate events such as cyclones, storm surges and floods.
During the last 30 years cyclone has taken a great place in
Bangladesh and it has been hit with worst ever cyclone in its
history. All these natural disaster pose a great threat to
sustainable development of the country. Over last 30 years
(1970-2007) different scales of cyclones have been affecting the
country with loss of valuable lives and property. It was estimated
that about five million people currently live in 'High Risk Areas'
(HRAs) along the western, central and south-eastern coasts of
Bangladesh. Of these, 4 million live in 'Very High Risk Areas'.
Approximately 9 million people need more shelter places were needed
in the three cyclone-prone zones by the year 2001 and 12.5 million
by 2021 as a result. In the last 30 years, nearly 900,000 people
died by cyclones and six out of nine depressions formed in the Bay
of Bengal normally cross the belt of Bangladesh almost every year.
Recreational waters are those natural waters used not only for
primary contact activities, such as swimming, windsurfing, and
waterskiing, but also for secondary contact activities, such as
boating and fishing. Recreational water quality criteria are used
to assess the safety of water to be used for swimming and other
water-sport activities. The primary concern is to protect human
health by preventing water pollution from faecal material or from
contamination by micro-organisms that could cause gastro-intestinal
illness, ear, eye or skin infections. This study was conducted to
learn about the quality status of the water at recreational spots
in Chittagong City these are Foy's Lake, Chittagong Shisu Park,
Karnafuly Shisu Park, Zia Smriti Complex, Zatishonga Park andf
Vatiary Lake. Derived parameters are Conductivity, Turbidity,
Color, Odor, PH, Dissolve Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand,
Chemical Oxygen Demand, Sulfate and Nitrate of the collected water
samples were compared with the standard value of the respective
parameters. The study suggests that most of the collected samples
satisfied the required level of the expected parameters used for
recreational purposes.
Boro (winter rice), one of the most important rice crops, might
suffer from critical low temperature at the different growth stages
from germination to maturity.The critically low and high
temperatures vary with the growth stages. The rice plant could
normally grow between 20 C and 35 C and these critical temperatures
vary with genotype, duration of critical temperature, diurnal
changes and physiological status of the plant. Boro rice might
suffer from low temperature at the reproductive stage of the crop.
Even low temperature at the crop establishment and tiller
development stage (vegetative phase) of the crop might affect the
growth, development and ultimately the yield of the crop. The book
thus was written on the basis of research findings which screened
out genotypes with good phenotypic acceptability and good emergence
index, genotypes having better tolerance to low or minimum
temperature and discovered nature of tolerance of genotypes with
respect to low or minimum temperature."
This book addresses the opportunity to cultivate a non food
bioenergy crop, Jatropha Curcas L. in Bangladesh. As a renewable
resource and a sustainable substitute for fossil fuel, Jatropha
curcas produces seeds containing inedible oil, which can supply
fuel and meet the national energy demands of Bangladesh. The plant
does not need arable lands and does not compete with food. This
book also highlights the land use patterns and possible cultivation
areas of Bangladesh. It is based on research of the cultivation
technology, ecological and agronomical aspects, crop yield and
harvesting. It also highlights the uses and socioeconomic benefits
of the plant, production costs and briefly describes the procedure
for the production of biodiesel and other useful byproducts. The
comparison of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas with conventional
fossil fuel is also discussed as well as its ability to sequester
carbon from the environment.
The general objective of this exploratory study is to explore the
psycho-social impacts of eve teasing on young girls.The study was
conducted within 12-18 years 6o girls from 5 schools of Sylhet city
choosing purposive and random sampling.The study reveals that
86.67% of the young girls faced different sorts of teasing in their
life.In most cases the teasers are the young men. The reasons for
indulging in eve teasing are patriarchy, illiteracy, unemployment,
faulty socialization, the modern fashion of dress up, western media
and sky culture, weak laws & enforcement, misuse of
technology.It was found that the experiences of eve teasing were
very traumatic for the victims.The respondents shared that they
feel uncomfortable, insecure, less dignified, inferior humiliated,
angry, degraded, scared, traumatized when they have been
teased.Respondents faced insecurity to go outside.Kidnapping, acid
throwing, drop out from school, early marriage, suicide etc are the
social impacts of it.So the issue of eve teasing should be
addressed seriously and the present study could be helpful for
shaping policy against this social evil like eve teasing.
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