NEW WAYS IN PSYCHOANALYSIS by KAREN HORNEY. Contents include: INTRODUCTION 7 I. FUNDAMENTALS OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 17 II. SOME GENERAL PREMISES OF FREUD S THINKING 37 III. THE LIBIDO THEORY 47 IV. THE OEDIPUS COMPLEX 79 V. THE CONCEPT OF NARCISSISM 88 VI. FEMININE PSYCHOLOGY 1O1 VII. THE DEATH INSTINCT 12O VIII. THE EMPHASIS ON CHILDHOOD Igg IX. THE CONCEPT OF TRANSFERENCE 154 X. CULTURE AND NEUROSES l68 XI. THE EGO AND THE ID 183 XII. ANXIETY 193 XIII. THE CONCEPT OF THE SUPER-EGO 2OJ XIV. NEUROTIC GUILT FEELINGS 232 XV. MASOCHISTIC PHENOMENA 246 XVI. PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY 2 6 INDEX 3O7. INTRODUCTION: MY desire to make a critical re-evaluation of psycho analytical theories had its origin in a dissatisfaction with therapeutic results. I found that almost every patient offered problems for which our accepted psychoanalyt ical knowledge offered no means of solution, and which therefore remained unsolved. As most analysts probably do, at first I attributed the resulting uncertainty to my own lack of experience, lack of understanding or blind spots. I remember pester ing more experienced colleagues with questions such as what Freud or they understood by ego, why sadistic impulses were interrelated with anal libido 1 and why so many different trends were regarded as an expression of latent homosexuality without, however, obtaining answers that seemed satisfactory. I had my first active doubts as to the validity of psy choanalytical theories when I read Freuds concept of feminine psychology, doubts which were then strength ened by his postulate of the death instinct. But it was several years before I started to think through psycho analytical theories in a critical way. As will be seenthroughout the book, the system of theories which Freud has gradually developed is so con sistent that when one is once entrenched in them it is difficult to make observations unbiased by his way of thinking. It is only through recognizing the debatable premises on which this system is built that one acquires a clearer vision as to the sources of error contained in the individual theories. In all sincerity I may say that I regard myself qualified to make the criticisms con tained in this book, because I consistently applied Freuds theories for a period of over fifteen years. The resistance which many psychiatrists as well as laymen feel toward orthodox psychoanalysis is due not only to emotional sources, as is assumed, but also to the debatable character of many theories. The complete refutation of psychoanalysis which these critics often resort to is regrettable because it leads to discarding the valid with the dubitable and thereby prevents a recognition of what psychoanalysis essentially has to offer. I found that the more I took a critical stand to ward a series of psychoanalytical theories, the more I realized the constructive value of Freuds fundamental findings and the more paths opened up for the under standing of psychological problems. Thus the purpose of this book is not to show what is wrong with psychoanalysis, but, through eliminating the debatable elements, to enable psychoanalysis to de velop to the height of its potentialities. As a result of both theoretical considerations and practical experi ence, I believe that the range of problems which can be understood is enlarged considerably if we cut loose from certain historically determined theoretical prem ises and discardthe theories arising on that basis. My conviction, expressed in a nutshell, is that psycho analysis should outgrow the limitations set by its being an instinctivistic and a genetic psychology. As to the latter, Freud tends to regard later peculiarities as almost direct repetitions of infantile drives or reactions hence he expects later disturbances to vanish if the under lying infantile experiences are elucidated...

Renowned for her contributions as a psychoanalytic theorist, Karen Homey was also a gifted clinician and teacher of analysts. She included chapters on therapy in several of her books, wrote essays on clinical issues throughout her career, and was preparing to write a book on analytic technique at the time of her death. The lectures collected here constitute a version of that book. This volume provides the most complete record to date of Karen Horney's ideas about the therapeutic process. It offers valuable insight into a little-known aspect of her work and fresh understanding of issues that continue to be of concern to clinicians.

Well ahead of her time, Karen Homey viewed therapy as a collaborative enterprise in which the open, frank, and supportive therapist grows along with the patient. She discusses countertransference phenomena and the ways in which a therapists personality can influence the healing process. She offers much wisdom and practical advice based on her own rich experience.

In Neurosis and Human Growth, Dr. Horney discusses the neurotic process as a special form of the human development, the antithesis of healthy growth. She unfolds the different stages of this situation, describing neurotic claims, the tyranny or inner dictates and the neurotic's solutions for relieving the tensions of conflict in such emotional attitudes as domination, self-effacement, dependency, or resignation. Throughout, she outlines with penetrating insight the forces that work for and against the person's realization of his or her potentialities. First Published in 1950. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

One of the most original psychoanalysts after Freud, Karen Horney pioneered such now familiar concepts as alienation, self-realization, and the idealized image, and she brought to psychoanalysis a new understanding of the importance of culture and environment.

Karen Horney was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1885 and studied at the University of Berlin, receiving her medical degree in 1913. From 1914 to 1918 she studied psychiatry at Berlin-Lankwitz, Germany, and from 1918 to 1932 taught at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. She participated in many international congresses, among them the historic discussion of lay analysis, chaired by Sigmund Freud.

Dr. Horney came to the United States in 1932 and for two years was Associate Director of the Psychoanalytic Institute, Chicago. In 1934 she came to New York and was a member of the teaching staff of the New York Psychoanalytic Institute until 1941, when she became one of the founders of the Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis and the American Institute for Psychoanalysis.

In Neurosis and Human Growth, Dr. Horney discusses the neurotic process as a special form of the human development, the antithesis of healthy growth. She unfolds the different stages of this situation, describing neurotic claims, the tyranny or inner dictates and the neurotic's solutions for relieving the tensions of conflict in such emotional attitudes as domination, self-effacement, dependency, or resignation. Throughout, she outlines with penetrating insight the forces that work for and against the person's realization of his or her potentialities.

This 40th Anniversary Edition includes a new preface by Stephanie Steinfeld, Ph.D., and Jeffrey Rubin, M.D., of the American Institute for Psychoanalysis.

Here Karen Horney develops a dynamic theory of neurosis centered on the basic conflict among attitudes of "moving forward" "moving against," and "moving away from" people. Unlike Freud, Horney does not regard neurosis as rooted in instinct. In her words, her theory is contructive because "it allows us for the first time to tackle and resolve neaurotic hopelessness. . . . Neurotic conflicts cannot be resolved by rational decision. . . . But [they] can be resolved by changing the conditions within the personality that brought them into being."

In this book, Karen Horney explores the basic structure of neuroses in the context of their cultural assumptions. Her topics range from the neurotic need for affection to guilt feelings and the quest for power, prestige, and possesion. Horney maintains that the conflicts found in neurotic persons in a given culture correspond to the ways of life characteristic of that culture. She writes, for example, "It is only under definite cultural conditions that we find domineering or self-sacrificing mothers, and it is also only because of these existing conditions that such an experience will have an influence on later life."

In Neurosis and Human Growth, Dr. Horney discusses the neurotic process as a special form of the human development, the antithesis of healthy growth. She unfolds the different stages of this situation, describing neurotic claims, the tyranny or inner dictates and the neurotic's solutions for relieving the tensions of conflict in such emotional attitudes as domination, self-effacement, dependency, or resignation. Throughout, she outlines with penetrating insight the forces that work for and against the person's realization of his or her potentialities. First Published in 1950. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

NEW WAYS IN PSYCHOANALYSIS BY KAREN HORNEY, M. D. LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNUR CO. LTD. BROADWAY HOUSE, 68-74 CARTER LANE, E. C. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 7 I. FUNDAMENTALS OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 17 II. SOME GENERAL PREMISES OF FREUD S THINKING 37 III. THE LIBIDO THEORY 47 IV. THE OEDIPUS COMPLEX 79 V. THE CONCEPT OF NARCISSISM 88 VI. FEMININE PSYCHOLOGY 1O1 VII. THE DEATH INSTINCT 12O VIII. THE EMPHASIS ON CHILDHOOD Igg IX. THE CONCEPT OF TRANSFERENCE 154 X. CULTURE AND NEUROSES l68 XI. THE EGO AND THE ID 183 XII. ANXIETY 193 XIII. THE CONCEPT OF THE SUPER-EGO 2OJ XIV. NEUROTIC GUILT FEELINGS 232 XV. MASOCHISTIC PHENOMENA 246 XVI. PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY 2 6 INDEX 3O7 INTRODUCTION MY desire to make a critical re-evaluation of psycho analytical theories had its origin in a dissatisfaction with therapeutic results. I found that almost every patient offered problems for which our accepted psychoanalyt ical knowledge offered no means of solution, and which therefore remained unsolved. As most analysts probably do, at first I attributed the resulting uncertainty to my own lack of experience, lack of understanding or blind spots. I remember pester ing more experienced colleagues with questions such as what Freud or they understood by ego, why sadistic impulses were interrelated with anal libido 1 and why so many different trends were regarded as an expression of latent homosexuality without, however, obtaining answers that seemed satisfactory. I had my first active doubts as to the validity of psy choanalytical theories when I read Freuds concept of feminine psychology, doubts which were then strength ened by his postulate of the death instinct. But it was several years before I started to thinkthrough psycho analytical theories in a critical way. As will be seen throughout the book, the system of theories which Freud has gradually developed is so con sistent that when one is once entrenched in them it is difficult to make observations unbiased by his way of 8 INTRODUCTION thinking. It is only through recognizing the debatable premises on which this system is built that one acquires a clearer vision as to the sources of error contained in the individual theories. In all sincerity I may say that I regard myself qualified to make the criticisms con tained in this book, because I consistently applied Freuds theories for a period of over fifteen years. The resistance which many psychiatrists as well as laymen feel toward orthodox psychoanalysis is due not only to emotional sources, as is assumed, but also to the debatable character of many theories. The complete refutation of psychoanalysis which these critics often resort to is regrettable because it leads to discarding the valid with the dubitable and thereby prevents a recognition of what psychoanalysis essentially has to offer. I found that the more I took a critical stand to ward a series of psychoanalytical theories, the more I realized the constructive value of Freuds fundamental findings and the more paths opened up for the under standing of psychological problems. Thus the purpose of this book is not to show what is wrong with psychoanalysis, but, through eliminating the debatable elements, to enable psychoanalysis to de velop to the height of its potentialities. As a result of both theoretical considerations and practical experi ence, I believe that the range of problems which can be understood is enlarged considerablyif we cut loose from certain historically determined theoretical prem ises and discard the theories arising on that basis. My conviction, expressed in a nutshell, is that psycho analysis should outgrow the limitations set by its being an instinctivistic and a genetic psychology. As to the INTRODUCTION Q latter, Freud tends to regard later peculiarities as almost direct repetitions of infantile drives or reactions hence he expects later disturbances to vanish if the under lying infantile experiences are elucidated...

Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. Hesperides Press are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

In this influential book, Karen Horney describes the ways that neuroses function as a peculiar struggle for life under adverse conditions--and how psychotherapy can help people free themselves from maladaptive ideas and behaviors. Using examples from her practice and writing in clear, accessible prose, she illuminates psychological processes with insight and empathy.

In this book, Dr. Horney discusses the possibilities of self-analysis—to what extent individuals can use the techniques of psychoanalysis on their own to solve problems. She discusses the driving forces in the neuroses, the different stages of psychoanalytic understanding, the patient's and the analyst's share in the psychoanalytic process, occasional and systematic self-analysis, and the realistic expectations of undertaking self-analysis.

Edited by Douglas H. Ingram, M.D.

This book presents the lectures Karen Horney gave her class in psychoanalytic technique during the last year of her life. One of the most original psychoanalysts after Freud, Karen Horney was also a great teacher, with a profound influence on the training of psychoanalysts through the American Institute for Psychoanalysis which she co-founded.

The lectures make essential reading for all who know such classic Horney texts as Our Inner Conflicts, The Neurotic Personality of Our Time, and Neurosis and Human Growth. For the newcomer to Horney, they provide a splendid brief inroduction to her thought.

Explains the nature, schools, procedures, and goals of psychoanalysis to assist the prospective patient in understanding, accepting, and successfully experiencing the therapeutic process.

As a psychoanalytic pioneer, Karen Horney questioned some of Freud's formulations of psychosexual development, particularly in relation to women. In this collection of papers, many previously unavailable in English, she brings to the subject of femininity her acute clinical observations and a rigorous testing of both her own hypotheses and those formulated by Freud. The topics she discusses include frigidity, the problem of the monogamous ideal, maternal conflicts, the distrust between the sexes, feminine masochism, and the neurotic need for love. Throughout the book, Dr. Horney draws on her experience as a therapist and at the same time consistently evaluates psychological factors within the context of cultural forces.