Geoscientific modelling has some unique requirements. Modern geological applications require increasingly quantitative and accurate rock property characerizations within the three-dimensional subsurface environment. this problem differs from that faced by most other fields due to a variety of technocal and economic constriants. Three-dimensional geoscientific modelling often relies on complex stochastic concepts and thus requires the extraction of information from large multiparameter data sets, and the representation and modification of complex, and uncertain geo-objects of interest. The visualization of these three-dimensional features has been a major constraint. The ability to rapidly create and manipulate three-dimensional imgages can materially speed up the geoscientist's understanding of the subsurface environment. The wok is organized arou d four major themes: definition of the problem; description of existing 3-D geoscientific information systems; 3-D data structures and display methods; and applications of 3-D geoscientific modelling. The contributors are drawn from most of the NATO nations, Sweden and Japan, representing national geological surveys, the petroleum, mining, environmental and engineering industries, universities and computer hardware and software companies.

Characterisation of the shallow subsurface has gained in importance as civil and geotechnical engineering and environmental applications have become more dependent on a precise definition of geomechanical and geohydrological properties.  A better understanding of the subsurface conditions offers wide-ranging benefits to governments, industry and individual citizens. Subsurface geological modelling became an economic and technologic reality in the late 1980's, when competing 3-D geoscientific information systems were the subject of considerable research and evaluation, especially by the petroleum exploration industry. Investigations in the shallow subsurface impose additional requirements that have only recently become technically and economically achievable. The very shallow urban underground environment, where many  infrastructure and utilities elements are located, presents the most difficult characterisation problems. Subsurface modelling techniques have matured, along with modern data base concepts. The evolution of the Internet and Web-browser technologies has expanded information transmission and dissemination capabilities. Subsurface models are being integrated with decision-support systems to provide predictions of technical and economic performance. Yet even the most sophisticated of these models leave some uncertainty in geologic interpretation. A variety of techniques for assessing uncertainty have been developed and are being evaluated.  

Flowing for nearly 100 miles through gently rolling countryside at the very heart of England, the Avon is one of the most quintessentially English rivers in the country. Visiting places such as Naseby, Warwick, Stratford-Upon-Avon, Evesham and Tewkesbury, this book captures visions of the river as it used to be, from ye olde battlefields through to Edwardian tourism with, of course, plenty of Shakespearian history. A companion volume to the authors' A Postcard from the Severn and A Postcard from the Wye, this book takes the reader on a journey in words and pictures through the five counties traversed by the Avon, using images from more than 250 postcards drawn from the authors' collections - many posted to friends and relatives by some of the innumerable visitors to the river and its world-famous associated attractions. It is a record of how the river and its surroundings once appeared, and how they were immortalised by earlier generations of photographers and artists, printers and publishers.

The United States has the most innovative and influential music culture in the world, but much of the legal framework for licensing of music dates back to the early part of the twentieth century, long before the digital revolution in music. Our licensing system is founded on a view that the music marketplace requires a unique level of government regulation, much of it reflected in statutory licensing provisions of the Copyright Act. The Copyright Office believes that the time is ripe to question the existing paradigm for the licensing of musical works and sound recordings and consider meaningful change. This book provides an analysis, discusses challenges and recommendations for improvement of the copyright laws in the music marketplace