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As cities in developing countries grow and become more prosperous,
energy use shifts from fuelwood to fuels like charcoal, kerosene,
and coal, and, ultimately, to fuels such as liquid petroleum gas,
and electricity. Energy use is not usually considered as a social
issue. Yet, as this book demonstrates, the movement away from
traditional fuels has a strong socio-economic dimension, as poor
people are the last to attain the benefits of using modern energy.
The result is that health risks from the continued use of wood fuel
fall most heavily on the poor, and indoor pollution from wood
stoves has its greatest effect on women and children who cook and
spend much more of their time indoors. Barnes, Krutilla, and Hyde
provide the first worldwide assessment of the energy transition as
it occurs in urban households, drawing upon data collected by the
World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP).
From 1984-2000, the program conducted over 25,000 household energy
surveys in 45 cities spanning 12 countries and 3 continents.
Additionally, GIS mapping software was used to compile a biomass
database of vegetation patterns surrounding 34 cities. Using this
rich set of geographic, biological, and socioeconomic data, the
authors describe problems and policy options associated with each
stage in the energy transition. The authors show how the poorest
are most vulnerable to changes in energy markets and demonstrate
how the collection of biomass fuel contributes to deforestation.
Their book serves as an important contribution to development
studies, and as a guide for policymakers hoping to encourage
sustainable energy markets and an improved quality of life for
growing urban populations.
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