In the modern world, industries and factories are rising exponentially. This has led to the mass cultivation of non-biodegradable products, like heavy metals, that have polluted the environment and become a major threat to plant growth, crop yield, and human health. Conventional remediation technologies are expensive and may not remove contaminates effectively. Therefore, it is important to develop economically practical and more effective methods to decontaminate soils. Nano-Phytoremediation Technologies for Groundwater Contaminates: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of the use of plants for remediating metal-contaminated soil and water. While highlighting topics including molecular mechanisms, nutrient interference, and fluoride accumulation, this book is ideally designed for environmental scientists, environmental engineers, agriculturalists, farmers, policymakers, government officials, research scholars, professors, and students studying in the fields of environmental engineering, biotechnology, nano-technology, bioscience, and environmental science.

This book aims to give detailed information on various instruments, techniques and experiment protocols of microbiology and soil biology. The beauty of this book as it comprises chapters for the beginner's viz. basic microbiological techniques and media preparation for biologists as well as the incorporation of advanced techniques for post graduate and research scholars. This laboratory manual gives a comprehensive idea about the various instruments, their working, troubleshooting and their applications based on student's feedback, teacher's input and authors own experiences of 14 years of teaching and research.