Making a contribution to the still under-researched translation history of Verne's Extraordinary Journeys, this book examines the causes of a selection of renderings from French into English of the 1873 Jules Verne novel Le Tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours (Around the World in Eighty Days). This study integrates a number of methodologies in order to offer a comprehensive explanation of translation outcomes. It presents a diachronic investigation of the multiple interacting translation causes which have produced various retranslations of the same work. A corpus of target texts, from 1873 to 2004, is analysed in order to discover the translation strategies employed and their likely causes using Pym's (1998) model of the four Aristotelian causes of social phenomena, as applied to translation. Translators' biographical details are studied to ascertain the agency of the translator. The book addresses the difficulties encountered in uncovering biographical information on certain translators, and the considerations involved in selecting a suitable corpus of retranslated texts. It provides some understanding of the reasons for which retranslations of a canonical novel are undertaken and contributes to arguments concerning translation universals.

This study describes the ocean circulation of the Indonesian Seas based on results using a 3D regional model. The study is divided into 3 parts. In the first part, Chapter 2, the basic properties of a developed regional model of the circulation of the Indonesian Seas are outlined. It is well known that the complex topography of the region strongly influences temperature, salinity and current distributions there. The main objective of the second part, Chapter 3, is to analyze the basic features of potential temperature and salinity distributions in the Indonesian Seas simulated by the model. The influence of bottom topography on the formation of temperature and salinity distributions is considered by following the three major routes of flow of North Pacific and South Pacific Water through the Indonesian Seas. In the last part, Chapter 4, aspects of turbulence and mixing in the Indonesian Seas are presented and discussed.