Variational calculus has been the basis of a variety of powerful methods in the ?eld of mechanics of materials for a long time. Examples range from numerical schemes like the ?nite element method to the determination of effective material properties via homogenization and multiscale approaches. In recent years, however, a broad range of novel applications of variational concepts has been developed. This c- prises the modeling of the evolution of internal variables in inelastic materials as well as the initiation and development of material patterns and microstructures. The IUTAM Symposium on "Variational Concepts with Applications to the - chanics of Materials" took place at the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany, on September 22-26, 2008. The symposium was attended by 55 delegates from 10 countries. Altogether 31 lectures were presented. The objective of the symposium was to give an overview of the new dev- opments sketched above, to bring together leading experts in these ?elds, and to provide a forum for discussing recent advances and identifying open problems to work on in the future. The symposium focused on the developmentof new material models as well as the advancement of the corresponding computational techniques. Speci?c emphasis is put on the treatment of materials possessing an inherent - crostructure and thus exhibiting a behavior which fundamentally involves multiple scales. Among the topics addressed at the symposium were: 1. Energy-based modeling of material microstructures via envelopes of n- quasiconvex potentials and applications to plastic behavior and pha- transformations.

This book addresses the need for a fundamental understanding of the physical origin, the mathematical behavior and the numerical treatment of models which include microstructure. Leading scientists present their efforts involving mathematical analysis, numerical analysis, computational mechanics, material modelling and experiment. The mathematical analyses are based on methods from the calculus of variations, while in the numerical implementation global optimization algorithms play a central role. The modeling covers all length scales, from the atomic structure up to macroscopic samples. The development of the models ware guided by experiments on single and polycrystals and results will be checked against experimental data.

An intensive development of the theory of generalized analytic functions started when methods of Complex Analysis were combined with methods of Functional Analysis, especially with the concept of distributional solutions to partial differential equations. The power of these interactions is far from being exhausted. In order to promote the further development of the theory of generalized analytic functions and applications of partial differential equations to Mechanics, the Technical University of Graz organized a conference whose Proceedings are contained in the present volume. The contributions on generalized analytic functions (Part One) deal not only with problems in the complex plane (boundary value and initial value problems), but also related problems in higher dimensions are investigated where both several complex variables and the technique of Clifford Analysis are used. Part Two of the Proceedings is devoted to applications to Mechanics. It contains contributions to a variety of general methods such as L p-methods, boundary elements and asymptotic methods, and hemivariational inequalities. A substantial number of the papers of Part Two, however, deals with problems in Ocean Acoustics. The papers of both parts of the Proceedings can be recommended to mathematicians, physicists, and engineers working in the fields mentioned above, as well as for further reading within graduate studies.

Homogenization is a fairly new, yet deep field of mathematics which is used as a powerful tool for analysis of applied problems which involve multiple scales. Generally, homogenization is utilized as a modeling procedure to describe processes in complex structures. Applications of Homogenization Theory to the Study of Mineralized Tissue functions as an introduction to the theory of homogenization. At the same time, the book explains how to apply the theory to various application problems in biology, physics and engineering. The authors are experts in the field and collaborated to create this book which is a useful research monograph for applied mathematicians, engineers and geophysicists. As for students and instructors, this book is a well-rounded and comprehensive text on the topic of homogenization for graduate level courses or special mathematics classes. Features: Covers applications in both geophysics and biology. Includes recent results not found in classical books on the topic Focuses on evolutionary kinds of problems; there is little overlap with books dealing with variational methods and T-convergence Includes new results where the G-limits have different structures from the initial operators

The book presents the latest findings in experimental plasticity, crystal plasticity, phase transitions, advanced mathematical modeling of finite plasticity and multi-scale modeling. The associated algorithmic treatment is mainly based on finite element formulations for standard (local approach) as well as for non-standard (non-local approach) continua and for pure macroscopic as well as for directly coupled two-scale boundary value problems. Applications in the area of material design/processing are covered, ranging from grain boundary effects in polycrystals and phase transitions to deep-drawing of multiphase steels by directly taking into account random microstructures.

This book addresses the need for a fundamental understanding of the physical origin, the mathematical behavior and the numerical treatment of models which include microstructure. Leading scientists present their efforts involving mathematical analysis, numerical analysis, computational mechanics, material modelling and experiment. The mathematical analyses are based on methods from the calculus of variations, while in the numerical implementation global optimization algorithms play a central role. The modeling covers all length scales, from the atomic structure up to macroscopic samples. The development of the models ware guided by experiments on single and polycrystals and results will be checked against experimental data.

Variational calculus has been the basis of a variety of powerful methods in the ?eld of mechanics of materials for a long time. Examples range from numerical schemes like the ?nite element method to the determination of effective material properties via homogenization and multiscale approaches. In recent years, however, a broad range of novel applications of variational concepts has been developed. This c- prises the modeling of the evolution of internal variables in inelastic materials as well as the initiation and development of material patterns and microstructures. The IUTAM Symposium on "Variational Concepts with Applications to the - chanics of Materials" took place at the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany, on September 22-26, 2008. The symposium was attended by 55 delegates from 10 countries. Altogether 31 lectures were presented. The objective of the symposium was to give an overview of the new dev- opments sketched above, to bring together leading experts in these ?elds, and to provide a forum for discussing recent advances and identifying open problems to work on in the future. The symposium focused on the developmentof new material models as well as the advancement of the corresponding computational techniques. Speci?c emphasis is put on the treatment of materials possessing an inherent - crostructure and thus exhibiting a behavior which fundamentally involves multiple scales. Among the topics addressed at the symposium were: 1. Energy-based modeling of material microstructures via envelopes of n- quasiconvex potentials and applications to plastic behavior and pha- transformations.

Homogenization is a fairly new, yet deep field of mathematics which is used as a powerful tool for analysis of applied problems which involve multiple scales. Generally, homogenization is utilized as a modeling procedure to describe processes in complex structures. Applications of Homogenization Theory to the Study of Mineralized Tissue functions as an introduction to the theory of homogenization. At the same time, the book explains how to apply the theory to various application problems in biology, physics and engineering. The authors are experts in the field and collaborated to create this book which is a useful research monograph for applied mathematicians, engineers and geophysicists. As for students and instructors, this book is a well-rounded and comprehensive text on the topic of homogenization for graduate level courses or special mathematics classes. Features: Covers applications in both geophysics and biology. Includes recent results not found in classical books on the topic Focuses on evolutionary kinds of problems; there is little overlap with books dealing with variational methods and T-convergence Includes new results where the G-limits have different structures from the initial operators

An intensive development of the theory of generalized analytic functions started when methods of Complex Analysis were combined with methods of Functional Analysis, especially with the concept of distributional solutions to partial differential equations. The power of these interactions is far from being exhausted. In order to promote the further development of the theory of generalized analytic functions and applications of partial differential equations to Mechanics, the Technical University of Graz organized a conference whose Proceedings are contained in the present volume. The contributions on generalized analytic functions (Part One) deal not only with problems in the complex plane (boundary value and initial value problems), but also related problems in higher dimensions are investigated where both several complex variables and the technique of Clifford Analysis are used. Part Two of the Proceedings is devoted to applications to Mechanics. It contains contributions to a variety of general methods such as L p-methods, boundary elements and asymptotic methods, and hemivariational inequalities. A substantial number of the papers of Part Two, however, deals with problems in Ocean Acoustics. The papers of both parts of the Proceedings can be recommended to mathematicians, physicists, and engineers working in the fields mentioned above, as well as for further reading within graduate studies.

The book presents the latest findings in experimental plasticity, crystal plasticity, phase transitions, advanced mathematical modeling of finite plasticity and multi-scale modeling. The associated algorithmic treatment is mainly based on finite element formulations for standard (local approach) as well as for non-standard (non-local approach) continua and for pure macroscopic as well as for directly coupled two-scale boundary value problems. Applications in the area of material design/processing are covered, ranging from grain boundary effects in polycrystals and phase transitions to deep-drawing of multiphase steels by directly taking into account random microstructures.