Fluorine chemistry is an expanding area of research that is attracting international interest, due to the impact of fluorine in drug discovery and in clinical and molecular imaging (e.g. PET, MRI). Many researchers and academics are entering this area of research, while scientists in industrial and clinical environments are also indirectly exposed to fluorine chemistry through the use of fluorinated compounds for imaging.This book provides an overview of the impact that fluorine has made in the life sciences. In the first section, the emphasis is on how fluorine substitution of amino acids, peptides, nucleobases and carbohydrates can provide invaluable information at a molecular level. The following chapters provide answers to the key questions posed on the importance of fluorine in drug discovery and clinical applications. For examples, the reader will discover how fluorine has found its place as a key element improving drug efficacy, with reference to some of the best-selling drugs on the market. Finally, a thorough review on the design, synthesis and use of 18F-radiotracers for positron emission tomography is provided, and this is complemented with a discussion on how 19F NMR has advanced molecular and clinical imaging.

Product information not available.

For decades, history ignored the Nazi persecution of gay people. Only with the rise of the gay movement in the 1970s did historians finally recognize that gay people, like Jews and others deemed "undesirable," suffered enormously at the hands of the Nazi regime. Of the few who survived the concentration camps, even fewer ever came forward to tell their stories. This heart wrenchingly vivid account of one man's arrest and imprisonment by the Nazis for the crime of homosexuality, now with a new foreword by Sarah Schulman, remains an essential contribution to gay history and our understanding of historical fascism, as well as a remarkable testament to the resilience of those who experienced the unimaginable cruelty of the concentration camps.

These are the final results and reflections of the project MEA-Scope. This project with the full title "Micro-economic instruments for impact assessment of multifunctional agriculture to implement the model of European Agriculture" was a pioneering project. It was among the first which were funded in the new activity Scientific Support to Policies of the th 6 Research Framework Programme. Policy decisions - especially at the European level - are never easy. What policy-makers decide will potentially affect the lives of millions of people for many years. This makes reaching informed decisions crucial, and scientific research can help illuminate their policy choices. MEA-Scope was one of two projects which addressed the research p- orities for European Rural areas which were identified in an EC workshop on Multifunctionality in Agriculture in 2001. Scientific Support to Policies in the Research Framework Programme is facing the challenge to identify in the discussions between policy makers and the research community those topics which can be addressed in a m- term strategic research programme. When the research topic was published Multifunctionality of Agriculture was among the concepts with many - search questions open. It was considered that positivistic approaches into technology aspects of agriculture, forestry and other rural activities based on natural resources and land use are needed, as well as more normative research with regard to trade, food quality and safety, animal welfare, en- ronment, rural development and cultural issues.

This book is a methodologically self-conscious and intellectually ambitious effort to advance the social science debate on postcommunist transformation beyond the limitations of its first decade. Offering theoretically innovative and empirically current analyses of fundamental economic, cultural, and political problems of systemic change and reform in central and Eastern Europe, the authors broaden and deepen the research agenda by developing a set of interrelated approaches that are cross-disciplinary, sociologically informed, historically comparative, and global. The bookOs major substantive themes revolve around problems of postcommunist socioeconomic transformations. Specifically, the book explores postcommunist systemic change, the role of religion and collective identity, the significance of trust and economic culture, patterns of state-economy interactions in enterprise restructuring, the context of EU expansion, the strengths and weaknesses of economic theory and neoliberal doctrine, and the history of ideas in the postcommunist transformation debate. Bringing together leading experts in the field to illustrate the fruitfulness of multidisciplinary analysis in understanding socioeconomic transitions, this work will be valuable for economists, sociologists, and political scientists alike.

This book is a methodologically self-conscious and intellectually ambitious effort to advance the social science debate on postcommunist transformation beyond the limitations of its first decade. Offering theoretically innovative and empirically current analyses of fundamental economic, cultural, and political problems of systemic change and reform in central and Eastern Europe, the authors broaden and deepen the research agenda by developing a set of interrelated approaches that are cross-disciplinary, sociologically informed, historically comparative, and global. The book s major substantive themes revolve around problems of postcommunist socioeconomic transformations. Specifically, the book explores postcommunist systemic change, the role of religion and collective identity, the significance of trust and economic culture, patterns of state-economy interactions in enterprise restructuring, the context of EU expansion, the strengths and weaknesses of economic theory and neoliberal doctrine, and the history of ideas in the postcommunist transformation debate. Bringing together leading experts in the field to illustrate the fruitfulness of multidisciplinary analysis in understanding socioeconomic transitions, this work will be valuable for economists, sociologists, and political scientists alike."

More than 80 personalities, in or from Germany, that over the centuries have shaped the development of analytical chemistry are introduced by brief biographies. These accounts go beyond summarising key biographical information and outline the individual's contributions to analytical chemistry. This richly illustrated Brief offers a unique resource of information that is not available elsewhere.

This textbook covers Plant Ecology from the molecular to the global level. It covers the following areas in unprecedented breadth and depth:

- Molecular ecophysiology (stress physiology: light, temperature, oxygen deficiency, drought, salt, heavy metals, xenobiotica and biotic stress factors)
- Autecology (whole plant ecology: thermal balance, water, nutrient, carbon relations)
- Ecosystem ecology (plants as part of ecosystems, element cycles, biodiversity)
- Synecology (development of vegetation in time and space, interactions between vegetation and the abiotic and biotic environment)
- Global aspects of plant ecology (global change, global biogeochemical cycles, land use, international conventions, socio-economic interactions)

The book is carefully structured and well written: complex issues are elegantly presented and easily understandable. It contains more than 500 photographs and drawings, mostly in colour, illustrating the fascinating subject.
The book is primarily aimed at graduate students of biology but will also be of interest to post-graduate students and researchers in botany, geosciences and landscape ecology. Further, it provides a sound basis for those dealing with agriculture, forestry, land use, and landscape management.

Mit den Systemwissenschaften, den 'Behavioral Sciences' und der 'General System Theory' wurde um die Mitte dieses Jahrhunderts ein neues Verstandnis von Wissenschaft etabliert, dessen Einflusse sich von der Naturphilosophie bis in die gegenwartige soziologische Theorie erstrecken. Der Autor rekonstruiert die Entstehungsgeschichte, die interdisziplinaren Grundbegriffe und die spezifischen Erklarungsanspruche der Allgemeinen Systemtheorie in Auseinandersetzung mit der Analytischen Wissenschaftstheorie. Die wechselnde Bedeutung des Systembegriffs in der Soziologie von Talcott Parsons ist als Bestandteil dieser Entwicklung zu verstehen."

Das Buch liefert ein Gesamtbild von den komplexen Zusammenhangen und vom Prozess des Management. Anhand der einzelnen Funktionen im Managementprozess werden die Aufgaben, Tatigkeiten und Systeme dargestellt, die Ingenieure als Manager und Fuhrungskrafte im Unternehmen und in dessen Teilbereichen erwarten. Die zweite Auflage wurde getragen von den Erfahrungen, die der Autor durch den Vergleich zwischen Unternehmen in den alten Landern und jungen Unternehmen in den neuen Bundeslandern gewinnen konnte."

Die Perspektiven, aus denen die osteuropaischen Gesellschaften der Nach kriegszeit beobachtet wurden, haben sich seit den spaten 80er Jahren betracht lich verschoben. Die empirische Beschaftigung mit dem osteuropaischen So zialismus war in der Bundesrepublik lange Zeit einer in regionalwissenschaft liche Institute ausgelagerten Osteuropaforschung uberlassen, die allenfalls sporadisch mit den sozialwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen kommunizierte. Ge schaftsgrundlage war ein mehr oder weniger ergiebiger Deskriptivismus. Ein von den Polarisierungen des Ost -West-Gegensatzes gepragtes Totalitaris muskonzept fungierte als Theorieersatz und reichte allemal fur politische Stellungnahmen. Soziologisch informierte Ansatze blieben die Ausnahme. Auf der anderen Seite fuhrten die osteuropaischen Gesellschaften in den sozi alwissenschaftlichen Theorien bis vor wenigen Jahren ein Schattendasein. Zwar hatten die komparative Politikwissenschaft und Wirtschaftstheorie und auch Soziologen wie Reinhard Bendix, Shmuel Eisenstadt, Alex Inkeles, Gerhard Lenski und Barrington Moore bereits seit den 50er Jahren differen zierte Einsichten in die 'geschlossenen Gesellschaften' des so\\jetischen Machtbereichs eroffnet. Die allgemeine soziologische Theorie war bis in die 80er Jahre hinein jedoch zu sehr auf die 'Legitimationsprobleme des Spatka pitalismus', die Krise des Wohlfahrtsstaats und die postindustrielle Transfor mation der westlichen Gesellschaften eingestellt, um die finale Krise des so \\jetischen Sozialismus erahnen zu konnen. Mit Recht wurde der Zusammen bruch der So\\jetunion daher gegen Theorien der sozialen Evolution ausge legt, die den Staatssozialismus auf gleicher Hohe mit dem demokratischen Kapitalismus oder gar als postkapitalistische Gesellschaft eingeordnet hatten."

In einer facherubergreifenden Zusammenschau fuhrt das dreibandige Werk in die Grundfragen und -themen der Stadtplanung ein, wobei die praktischen Problemstellungen der stadtebaulichen Entwicklung im Vordergrund stehen. Band I behandelt die grundlegenden planungsrelevanten Definitionen und erortert die komplexe Kausalkette von Ursachen und Faktoren, die zum Bedarf an Stadtplanung fuhren. Band II gibt eine Ubersicht uber Leitgedanken, Systeme und Strukturen der Stadtplanung; die Methoden, Instrumente und der Vollzug der Stadtplanung stehen im Mittelpunkt von Band III. Fur die Kooperation auf den unterschiedlichen Planungsebenen, die durch die rasante Stadtentwicklung heute notwendig ist, liefert der Autor ein unverzichtbares Grundlagenwerk.

Das Buch untersucht den Erkenntniswert nichtlinearer Modelle mit endogenen Ruckkoppelungen zur Beschreibung der langfristigen Entwicklung der Staatstatigkeit. Durch die neue methodische Vorgehensweise ergibt sich ein besseres Verstandnis der Ruckkoppelungen zwischen Staatstatigkeit und Individualinteressen."

In einer facherubergreifenden Zusammenschau fuhrt das dreibandige Werk in die Grundfragen und -themen der Stadtplanung ein, wobei die praktischen Problemstellungen der stadtebaulichen Entwicklung im Vordergrund stehen. Band I behandelt die grundlegenden planungsrelevanten Definitionen und erortert die komplexe Kausalkette von Ursachen und Faktoren, die zum Bedarf an Stadtplanung fuhren. Band II gibt eine Ubersicht uber Leitgedanken, Systeme und Strukturen der Stadtplanung; die Methoden, Instrumente und der Vollzug der Stadtplanung stehen im Mittelpunkt von Band III. Fur die Kooperation auf den unterschiedlichen Planungsebenen, die durch die rasante Stadtentwicklung heute notwendig ist, liefert der Autor ein unverzichtbares Grundlagenwerk.

In einer facherubergreifenden Zusammenschau fuhrt das dreibandige Werk in die Grundfragen und -themen der Stadtplanung ein, wobei die praktischen Problemstellungen der stadtebaulichen Entwicklung im Vordergrund stehen. Band I behandelt die grundlegenden planungsrelevanten Definitionen und erortert die komplexe Kausalkette von Ursachen und Faktoren, die zum Bedarf an Stadtplanung fuhren. Band II gibt eine Ubersicht uber Leitgedanken, Systeme und Strukturen der Stadtplanung; die Methoden, Instrumente und der Vollzug der Stadtplanung stehen im Mittelpunkt von Band III. Fur die Kooperation auf den unterschiedlichen Planungsebenen, die durch die rasante Stadtentwicklung heute notwendig ist, liefert der Autor ein unverzichtbares Grundlagenwerk.

The aim of this book is to provide a general introduction into the science behind non-covalent interactions and molecular complexes using some important experimental and theoretical methods and approaches. It is the first monograph on this subject written in close collaboration between a theoretician and an experimentalist which presents a coherent description of non-covalent interactions viewed from these two perspectives. The book describes the experimental and theoretical techniques, and some results obtained by these, which are useful in conveying the principles underlying the observable or computable properties of molecular clusters. The chemical and physical background underlying non-covalent interactions are treated comprehensively and non-covalent interactions is contrasted to ionic, covalent and metallic bonding. The role of dispersion and electrostatic interactions, static and induced multipole moments, charge transfer and charge localisation and de-localisation are described. In addition, the nomenclature and classification of non-covalent interactions and molecular clusters is discussed since there is still no unique agreement on it. The authors were among first who coined the term non-covalent for intermolecular interactions and all interactions can thus be categorised as metallic, covalent and non-covalent. The book covers covalent bonding where the properties of a moiety in a molecular cluster are concerned, for instance its electrostatic multipole moments. The historic development of the field is also briefly outlined, starting from van der Waals who first recognized the fact that molecules in the gas phase interact, through London who explained the fact that non-polar uncharged systems attract each other, making a connection to modern work of theoreticians and experimentalists who have contributed to the present knowledge in the field. The role of non-covalent interactions in nature is discussed and the book also argues why non-covalent interactions and not covalent ones play a key role in biological systems. The authors show the unique significance of non-covalent interactions in biological systems and describe several important processes (molecular recognition, structure of biomacromolecules, etc) that are fundamentally determined by non-covalent interactions. The book is aimed at undergraduate and graduate students who need to learn more about non-covalent interactions and their role in chemistry, physics and biology. It also provides valuable information to non-specialist scientists and also those who work in the area who will find it interesting reading. As both experimental and theoretical procedures are covered, this enables the reader to orientate themselves in this very intensely growing area.

Der Autor, geboren 1946 in Herdecke / Ruhr, trat 1966 nach seinem Abitur als Offizieranwarter in die Bundeswehr ein. In 40 Jahren diente er auf einer Vielzahl unterschiedlichster Dienstposten in Fuhrungs- und Stabsverwendungen. In seinem vorliegendem Buch beschreibt er seine Erlebnisse und damit eine Bundeswehr, die sich in diesen Jahren gewandelt hat wie keine andere Institution des Staates.