Among neuromodulation procedures, electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves (PNS) is probably the most underappreciated modality. Although PNS is used for all kinds of medical conditions, ranging from chronic neuropathic pain and headache to epilepsy, depression, hypertension and heart failure, its importance is frequently overshadowed by spinal cord stimulation and deep brain stimulation. While the earlier version of this book dealt exclusively with various pain syndromes, this new volume covers the entire spectrum of PNS applications. Written by recognized authorities in their respective fields, the chapters of this title describe the use of PNS in the management of neurological, psychiatric, otorhinolaryngological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, colorectal and genitourinary disorders. To reflect the complexity of the regulatory process, the book ends with a special chapter dedicated to the current state of approval of different PNS devices. This book will be of great value to all those who deal with neuromodulation, including clinicians who select PNS candidates, surgeons and other specialists who implant PNS devices, and researchers and engineers who work on making the stimulators safer and more effective.

At present most intracranial gliomas are considered incurable with current treatment strategies, and the search for new modalities that may effectively control tumor growth continues. The chapters in this volume describe basic principles and therapeutic possibilities of several innovative techniques, including photodynamic therapy, laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy, stereotactic cryodestruction, high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation, boron neutron capture therapy, proton and carbon ion irradiation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, local chemotherapy, and alternating electric fields therapy. Potential applications of extracellular vesicles and nanotechnology for management of gliomas are highlighted as well. Many of these methods have already demonstrated antitumor efficacy in clinical testing, whereas others are still under development. The materials presented in this book are mainly directed at clinicians treating patients with brain tumors, as well as clinical and basic researchers working in the field of neuro-oncology.

Treatment of patients with intracranial gliomas, especially high-grade neoplasms, usually requires postoperative adjuvant therapy. Significant progress in the understanding of tumor biology, technological advances in irradiation delivery, and development of novel antitumor drugs have led to an expansion of the therapeutic arsenal in neuro-oncology. This publication provides a unique review of the various options for adjuvant therapy. Special emphasis is on current evidence-based treatment standards and guidelines, and on perspectives of further improvement in long-term outcomes. Chapters review the histopathological and molecular features of gliomas and describe basic principles and clinical results of fractionated radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, brachytherapy, use of radiosensitizers, systemic chemotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy. Particular attention is paid to treatment of pediatric patients and to physical and psychological rehabilitation and supportive care at the end of life. This book and its accompanying volumes are mainly directed at neuro-oncologists, radiation oncologists, and other clinicians treating patients with brain tumors.

This book summarizes the current state of movement disorder management and the role of surgical therapies as an alternative to medication. Following a chapter on the history of movement disorder surgery, leaders in their fields describe the pathophysiology, functional neuroanatomy, clinical presentation, and medical management of Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and essential tremor. This is followed by chapters on the spectrum of movement disorder surgery itself, from the lesioning procedures of radiofrequency ablation, stereotactic radiosurgery, and high-frequency ultrasound to the modulatory procedures of "asleep", image-guided deep brain stimulation (DBS) and "awake", microelectrode-guided DBS. The final chapters focus on closed-loop DBS, drug-delivery, gene therapy, and other emerging neurosurgical therapies, highlighting long-standing experimental strategies that are reaching exciting phases of clinical translation. This volume is a valuable tool for accessing the wide spectrum of concepts that currently define this dynamic field.

This second edition is written by renowned experts in neurosurgery, neurology, physics, and radiation oncology, many of whom are pioneers of radiosurgery. Throughout more than 30 detailed chapters, the authors share their vast expertise on this highly precise, minimally invasive form of radiation therapy. The first few chapters lay a foundation for understanding the differentiations in types of SRS technology: Leksell Gamma Knife, Novalis, Linac and Proton Beam Radiosurgery, and Cyberknife, followed by an explanation on the physics and radiobiology of SRS. The remaining chapters provide a detailed discussion of all pathologies and disorders currently treated. Highlights: Radiosurgical procedures for a wide range of intracranial conditions/diseases including arteriovenous malformations, meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, trigeminal neuralgia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, epilepsy, ocular disorders, pediatric brain tumors, and gliomas. Important updates on skull base tumors, functional disorders, and brain metastases. Evidence-based findings covering indications, patient selection, benefits, limitations, outcomes, potential complications, and alternative treatment modalities. This updated reference tool is an invaluable, comprehensive guide to current concepts in SRS. It is a must-have resource for neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, neuro-radiologists, and medical physicists, from residents to advanced clinicians.

Since its introduction 52 years ago, Leksell radiosurgery has become a widely applied technique for the management of a diverse group of vascular, neoplastic, and functional disorders. This publication presents an update on state-of-the-art radiosurgery technology, including outcomes, by the pioneers in the field. Experts have contributed chapters on various topics. They provide a history of the development of Leksell Gamma Knife and its evolution from frame-based to the inclusion of mask-based radiosurgery in the latest Gamma Knife model. For beginners, there is valuable information related to imaging, quality assurance, patient care, anesthesia, and regulatory requirements. Advance users will appreciate the summary of the long-term outcome of important indications. Additional chapters on cavernous malformation, orbital, uveal, and ocular disorders clarify the role of radiosurgery. This book is a concise overview for physicians interested in radiosurgery. It will be of great value to neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, and medical physicists concerned with learning about the indications of radiosurgery.

Stereotactic radiosurgery is the least invasive of modern treatment modalities and has recently become the basic management tool in neurosurgery. Arteriovenous malformations, benign brain tumors and brain metastases are the most common indications for its use. Also, gamma knife radiosurgery is increasingly being applied to extracranial pathologies, e.g. tumors of the spine and cancers of the lung, liver, pancreas and prostate. Approximately one quarter of patients undergoing gamma knife radiosurgery worldwide are treated in Japan. This publication provides an excellent overview of Japan's 20-year experience with stereotactic radiosurgery using the Leksell Gamma Knife. Leading experts discuss their long-term results with gamma knife radiosurgery. Studies focusing on dose selection for optimal treatment results and avoidance of complications are also presented. In addition, gamma knife treatments of extracranial pathologies are reviewed. Neurosurgeons, neurologists, oncologists and workers in radiology and cardiology will find accurate knowledge on gamma knife radiosurgery which will be helpful with patient selection, treatment planning and delivery, and postoperative management.

As in any multiauthored textbook penned by When I was first approached by the publisher of this volume, Martinus Nijhoff, Boston, I writers of diverse backgrounds and interests, explored the possibility of writing a personal Modern Stereotactic Neurosurgery to some monograph on contemporary stereotactic extent suffers from incompleteness. Future surgery. After a review of available literature, volumes no doubt will include many additions several aspects became apparent. First, no cur from other authors who also are important rent, readily accessible, multiauthored text de specialists in the field. Because not all authors signed to survey the field was available. Those write in the same style (or even language), we books that were available tended to heavily have attempted to achieve a more cohesive text emphasize theory, physiology, and anatomy. in the editorial process. Each chapter has been Second, stereotactic surgeons were considered subdivided into pertinent headings for easier abstruse and for too long were relegated to a reference. Because of my own background, status outside of the mainstream of neuro some readers will note an Americanization (as surgery. This attitude probably reflected the opposed to anglicization) of the chapters. insufficient explanation of the practical uses While many chapters comprise primarily sum and advantages of stereotactic technique. maries of the authors' work within the field, Third, in recent years, the field has expanded each author was encouraged to review the liter so rapidly that it has become a major compo ature in that discipline if appropriate."