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Waste water treatment is the largest biotechnology industry in the
world, handling and disposing of domestic and industrial wastes so
they present no threat to the general populace or the environment
at large. The activated sludge process is the cornerstone of sewage
treatment systems. Although it is a biological process and has been
in use for more than 80 years, we still lack detailed understanding
of how it works and how its performance might be better controlled
and manipulated. This book presents a comprehensive review of what
is currently known about the general microbiology of activated
sludge and some of the bacteria responsible for the major
operational problems encountered. Current understanding and the
existing literature are critically assessed and new potentially
valuable areas for research suggested. Methodology particularly
appropriate to the study of the bacteria that cause bulking and
foaming is described, and there is an identification section
consisting of photomicrographs and detailed descriptions of the
filamentous and other bacteria commonly seen in activated sludge
plants. The impact of molecular methods on our understanding of
activated sludge microbiology is emphasized throughout the book.
The book will be of immediate interest to both microbiologists and
waste water engineers, and has been written so as to be relevant
and understandable to both. It will also be of interest and value
to postgraduate students and researchers working in the fields of
environmental engineering, general microbiology and microbial
ecology.
This book has been a long time in preparation. Initially it grew
out of our frustrating attempts over the past ten years to identify
the filamentous bacteria seen in large numbers in most activated
sludge plants, and the realization that we know very little about
them and the other microbial populations in these systems.
Unfortunately this book does not provide many answers to the
problems these filamentous bacteria can cause, but we hope it might
encourage microbiologists and engineers to communi cate more with
each other and to spend some time trying to understand the tax
onomy, ecology and physiology of activated sludge microbes. It is
now very timely, for example, to try to provide these filamentous
bacteria with proper taxonomically valid names and to determine
their correct place in bacterial classifications. This book is not
meant to compete directly with the books by Gray (1989, 1990) nor
the excellent manual published by Jenkins and coworkers (1993b),
which has been invaluable to us and others trying to identify
filamentous bacteria. Wanner's book (1994a) also provides an
excellent account of the problems of bulking and foaming caused by
filamentous bacteria. These publications and others by Eikelboom's
group have made an enormous contribution to the study of
filamentous bacteria, and will con tinue to do so."
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