Spesifiek geskryf om aan al die vereistes van die nasionale Kurrikulum- en Assessering beleidsverklaring (KABV) te voldoen. Sleutelterme word in rooi gedruk as dit vir die eerste keer verskyn. ’n Lys van hierdie terme word ook in rooi aan die begin van elke eenheid of hoofstuk gelys. Nuwe woorde is in blou en word in die kantlyn verduidelik. Aktiwiteite help leerders om te verstaan wat hulle geleer het. 'n Opsomming aan die einde van elke onderwerp help leerders studeer. Die Formele Assesserings taak (FAT) blokkie bevat take wat leerders voorberei vir die wat in die klas voltooi moet word. Vrae aan die einde van elke onderwerp help leerders met hersiening. ‘n Voorbeeld van ‘n eksamenvraestel aan die einde van die boek sal leerders ook help oefen en leer oor alles wat hulle nodig het om te weet.

JOHN L. INNES University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada The interactions between biomass burning and climate have been brought into focus by a number of recent events. Firstly, the Framework Convention on Climate Change and, more recently, the Kyoto Protocol, have drawn the attention of policy makers and others to the importance of biomass burning in relation to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Secondly, the use of prescribed fires has become a major management tool in some countries; with for example the area with fuel treatments (which include prescribed burns and mechanical treatments) having increased on US National Forest System lands from 123,000 ha in 1985 to 677,000 ha in 1998. Thirdly, large numbers of forest fires in Indonesia, Brazil, Australia and elsewhere in 1997 and 1998 received unprecedented media attention. Consequently, it is appropriate that one of the Wengen Workshops on Global Change Research be devoted to the relationships between biomass burning and climate. This volume includes many of the papers presented at the workshop, but is also intended to act as a contribution to the state of knowledge on the int- relationships between biomass burning and climate change. Previous volumes on biomass burning (e. g. Goldammer 1990, Levine 1991a, Crutzen and Goldammer 1993, Levine 1996a, 1996b, Van Wilgen et al. 1997) have stressed various aspects of the biomass-climate issue, and provide a history of the development of our understanding of the many complex relationships that are involved

The series was written to be aligned with CAPS. A possible work schedule has been included. Each topic start with an overview of what is taught, and the resources you need. There is advice on pave-setting to assist you in completing the work for the year on time. Advice on how to introduce concepts and scaffold learning is given for every topic. All the answers have been given to save you time doing the exercises yourself. Also included are a full-colour poster and CD filled with resources to assist you in your teaching and assessment.

Sustainable Forest Management provides the necessary material to educate students about forestry and the contemporary role of forests in ecosystems and society. This comprehensive textbook on the concept and practice of sustainable forest management sets the standard for practice worldwide. Early chapters concentrate on conceptual aspects, relating sustainable forestry management to international policy. In particular, they consider the concept of criteria and indicators and how this has determined the practice of forest management, taken here to be the management of forested lands and of all ecosystems present on such lands. Later chapters are more practical in focus, concentrating on the management of the many values associated with forests. Overall the book provides a major new synthesis which will serve as a textbook for undergraduates of forestry as well as those from related disciplines such as ecology or geography who are taking a course in forests or natural resource management.

JOHN L. INNES University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada The interactions between biomass burning and climate have been brought into focus by a number of recent events. Firstly, the Framework Convention on Climate Change and, more recently, the Kyoto Protocol, have drawn the attention of policy makers and others to the importance of biomass burning in relation to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Secondly, the use of prescribed fires has become a major management tool in some countries; with for example the area with fuel treatments (which include prescribed burns and mechanical treatments) having increased on US National Forest System lands from 123,000 ha in 1985 to 677,000 ha in 1998. Thirdly, large numbers of forest fires in Indonesia, Brazil, Australia and elsewhere in 1997 and 1998 received unprecedented media attention. Consequently, it is appropriate that one of the Wengen Workshops on Global Change Research be devoted to the relationships between biomass burning and climate. This volume includes many of the papers presented at the workshop, but is also intended to act as a contribution to the state of knowledge on the int- relationships between biomass burning and climate change. Previous volumes on biomass burning (e. g. Goldammer 1990, Levine 1991a, Crutzen and Goldammer 1993, Levine 1996a, 1996b, Van Wilgen et al. 1997) have stressed various aspects of the biomass-climate issue, and provide a history of the development of our understanding of the many complex relationships that are involved

This volume contains a selection of scientific papers which were presented at an international workshop on the impacts of climatic variability held in Wengen, Switzerland, September 1997. For the first time, an assessment is made of the interactions between physical and biological elements of the Earth System on the basis of shifts in extreme climatic conditions, rather than simply changes in mean atmospheric conditions which research has tended to focus on until recently. Natural ecosystems and forests are typical examples of systems which, while constrained within certain ranges of mean climate, can undergo rapid and often irreversible damage in the face of short-lived but intense extreme events.

Sustainable Forest Management provides the necessary material to educate students about forestry and the contemporary role of forests in ecosystems and society. This comprehensive textbook on the concept and practice of sustainable forest management sets the standard for practice worldwide. Early chapters concentrate on conceptual aspects, relating sustainable forestry management to international policy. In particular, they consider the concept of criteria and indicators and how this has determined the practice of forest management, taken here to be the management of forested lands and of all ecosystems present on such lands. Later chapters are more practical in focus, concentrating on the management of the many values associated with forests. Overall the book provides a major new synthesis which will serve as a textbook for undergraduates of forestry as well as those from related disciplines such as ecology or geography who are taking a course in forests or natural resource management.

Forests play an important role in resolving global challenges such as sustainable development, climate change, biodiversity loss, and food and water security. Stopping deforestation is crucial for the future of our planet. Global efforts to curb deforestation, have been partially successful, but have largely fallen short. At the same time, national level efforts to support human development, reflected in the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals, aim to increase the welfare and wellbeing of populations living in poverty. Meeting these development goals will inevitably have crosscutting effects on initiatives to address deforestation. In balancing these goals, policy makers are confronted with wicked problems - or problems where there are moral considerations and where limited information is available for policy makers. This book is focused on how wicked forest policy problems have been, and can be, addressed.

The age-old Christmas Story is a narrative many of us know by heart. Imagine, then, hearing the sacred tale from fresh voices to re-awaken the awe that originally inspired storytellers. "Mary's Night" illumines the Nativity as a poetic Christmas treasure of fourteen perspectives of one very special night, told by an unlikely cast of narrators. See the trip to Bethlehem through the eyes of a Donkey, feel the experience of a Manger that held the newborn Christ, and sense the innocent connection between an awkward young Lamb and the infant Lamb of God. Accompanied by some of the most beautiful works of art from the 15th, 16th, and 19th centuries, the unique poems of "Mary's Night" will inspire you to share this Story with your loved ones for generations to come.